Later in the year, Anatolian surrendered the city to the Byzantines, not the crusaders. They then met once again and together defeated the Turkish army, scoring a great victory and boosting their ego. Afterwards, the crusaders went and captured the city of Antioch, and then moved on to their goal, Jerusalem. For the next generation or so, the crusaders kept control over the Holy Land and invite their people to come inhabit the city. The crusaders used the strategy of isolating and cutting off supplies that could lead to strengthening to the Muslims and Egyptians.
In the mid-12th century, the Turkic ruler Saladin rose to lead the Seljuks and succeeded in uniting the fragmented Muslim armies of Southwest Asia and North Africa. To Saladin, the Christian armies were the infidels that had to be evicted. When Saladin’s forces took Jerusalem, the call went out across Europe to launch another crusade. Three kings came forward-Emperor Frederick Barbarossa of Germany, King Phillip II of France, and King Richard I, later known as Richard the Lionheart of England. Held in 1187-1192.
[1] The loss of the territory of Jerusalem in the summer of 1244 had unravelled the unexpected success of the Sixth Crusade and as a result King Louis IX of France, as a devout Christian, wished to travel to the East to reclaim the lost Christian lands. It was the combination of a grave illness, the desire to follow the Capetian tradition and the events that had taken place in the East which compelled Louis IX to take the cross in December 1244. The Seventh Crusade, however, did not reach Jerusalem as Louis IX was forced to return to France due to the troubles in his own kingdom. [2] In spite of such failures, the fall of Antioch in 1268 inspired the courageous king to return to the East. While figures such as Louis IX and Jean de Joinville were motivated by the actions of their predecessors, further Christians felt compelled to join the crusading movement as they believed in the idea of the crusade as a ‘penance rewarded by the indulgence.’[3] The political climate of Western Europe in 1245 did not, however, favour the implementation of a new crusade.
The progress of the empire was explosive. In 1453, the Sultan Mohamad II conquered Constantinople (renamed Istanbul) putting an end to the Eastern Roman Empire. The Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent conquered modern Yugoslavia in 1521, and conquered Hungary after his victory at the battle of Mohacs in 1526. However, he failed to take Vienna after winter forced an end to his siege in 1529. The Ottomans went on to take Transylvania and Wallachia as well.
Ramesses II had many war campaigns. “Soldiers who served Ramessess made up one of the worlds earliest large scale armies.”(Nardo, 59) Their most renown rival were the Hittites, “Many cities such as Kadesh had moved their allegiance to the hittitie king”(Nardo,57) Ramesses II moved to attack territory in the Levant which was enemy territory of the Hittite Empire. “He was eager to dislodge the Hittities and their influence from Syria.” (Nardo, 64) Ramesses's forces were ambushed and outnumbered at Kadesh by the Hittites. He fought the battle to a tie and returned home a hero. The Battle of Kadesh was a personal achievement for Ramesses.
There may also have been the idea of taking revenge on those (the Muslims) who had desecrated Christ’s Holy City, and his people, the Christians. Reclaiming Jerusalem was a main religious factor that encouraged people to Crusade. In 1076, it had been captured by the Seljuk Turks, which was a big problem for Christians. Jerusalem was a Holy place of worship for many religions, most especially Christians. At this time, Jerusalem was shown to be the navel of the world: in most medieval maps, Jerusalem is placed at the very centre, the place where there was a connection between god and man.
Once the Knights reached Jerusalem, they took control by ransacking every building and torturing and killing almost all of the 60,000 unarmed civilians living in Jerusalem. The first crusade ended in Christian victory in 1099, but this was not the last of “Gods” crusades, 6 more followed the first with the Holy Lands changing control every time costing hundreds of thousands of lives all while the bible blatantly spoke against wars and killing. This
The Muslims believed that this is where the ascension of the prophet Mohammad who was the prophet for Allah. The Holy Land is significant to Christians because this is where the Biblical prophets of the Old Testament prophesied of Christ coming, but most importantly this is where Christ did all of His earthly ministry. The final straw which brought about the start of the Crusades was when Jerusalem was overtaken by Muslim Turks who slaughtered 3000 Christians. This event lead down to a path which would be known as the starting block for the
His forces terrorized both halves of the empire but failed in the East, due to the high walls of Constantinople. His forces advanced past Rome but famine and disease kept them from conquering the city. Attila died in 453 AD. The last emperor was German forces ousted a 14-year boy named Romulus Augustulus in 476
In the late summer of 1914, the ancient monarchies of Austria, Russia and Germany plunged their countries into a world war which engulfed Europe in one of the bloodiest conflicts in history. The Eastern Front of that great war had a profound impact on the remainder of the 20th century, even though the Western Front with its British, French and American combatants achieved somewhat greater fame. The statistics for the Eastern war are grim. More than three-million men died in the fighting, more than nine-million men were wounded, and every major country which participated lost its form of government. One of them, Russia, collapsed so completely and catastrophically that the ensuing consequences still resonate in today's world.