Perception and Causes of Psychopathology By: Josiah Wilkerson PSYCH/650 October 30, 2014 Mary MC Greevy Perception and Causes of Psychopathology Psychopathology, what is it really? This paper will go into what psychopathology is and what causes it. There will be a brief overview of how culture is determining factor toward the expression of psychopathology. Following the brief overview will be an examination of the causes of psychopathology by using bio-psychosocial or the diathesis stress models. Concluding this paper will be an explanation of the changes in society’s perception of psychopathology as a function of historical time period.
M3. Explain why conformity and obedience are important in the public services, with reference to research studies. Conformity and obedience are forms of social influence which strongly affect our behaviour is social situations, from following fashions and unwritten social norms which organise our behaviour, to committing immoral acts because we are commanded to by someone who appears to be in a position of authority. This essay looks at the similarities and differences between the three, looking specifically at the factors that influence each two. Conformity within a group entails members changing their attitudes and beliefs in order to match those of others within the group.
It assumes that human problems come from operating on faulty, irrational beliefs. Some of these beliefs are conscious but many are not. Behavior Theory suggests that human actions are the results of what we have learned or been conditioned to do and that when these actions are reinforced consistently, by either reward or punishment, they become the basis of functioning in our lives. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy recognizes that thoughts and behaviors are connected and addresses both in its model. CBT is a problem-solving/task-centered approach which recognizes and challenges illogical and faulty beliefs in an effort to change negative or destructive behavior.
Second, psychogenic, “such as the need for autonomy, achievement, affiliation, dominance, play, order, and so on.” (Pinel, J.P.J. 2008. p. 280). Also, needs often interact with dispositional traits such as extroversion and introversion. The dispositional trait will reflect how the person uses behavior to fulfill a need. The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) was created to help measure the needs for power, intimacy, and achievement in regards to motivation.
Selfperception affects an individual’s self-efficacy skills, therefore affecting how an individual will communicate their experiences. While self-perception is an important trait to take into consideration when dealing with self-reporting, it does however, as mentioned, affect the validity of the results due to individuals underreporting and over reporting their actions. Comparisons of Limitations All three articles discussed the limitation of self-reporting, more so in Article 1. While self-reporting is indeed a valuable asset, self-reporting at times is affected due to individuals underreporting their behavior, as well as over reporting it (Hauge et al., 2009). Underreporting occurs due to individuals being dishonest regarding their behavior, therefore causing an error in the research done.
Research has shown that the styles measures by the LSI are related to a number of indicators of effectiveness and success, including leadership effectiveness, management effectiveness, problem solving effectiveness, quality of interpersonal relations, salary, organizational level, individual health and well being, and organization culture. According to the circumplex output my percentile style which represents me most is aggressive/ defensive style. Upon completing the Lifestyles Inventory I found that my dominant styles are competitive, approval seeker, conventional followed by dependent. The results from my LSI survey were found to be somewhat correct. These styles reflect self promoting thinking and behavior used to maintain status/position and fulfill security needs through task related activities.
Modalities are used by altering the language to suit personality and client individuality. Using the correct or dominant modality for clients at the beginning of an induction means that the experience will be enhanced as the sub conscious will be more responsive to the internal representations. Without the use of modalities, clients will have to listen to language imagery that they feel less comfortable with and therefore may feel on edge which may make the hypnosis process less
Myers (2010) provides an example as to how behavior is shaped by social influences making humans social creatures, “We speak and think in words we learned from others (Social psychology, p. 7). At times social environments or situations manipulate behaviors contrary to emotions, overpowering feelings and allowing the situation to guide behaviors. Another ideas of social psychology is that personal attitudes and depositions shape behavior, this describes the belief that inner attitudes and personalities
Persuasion can be defined as A)a process aimed at changing a person's attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs. B)a change in behavior or belief as a result of real or imagined group pressure. C)a process aimed at decreasing influence. D) a change in behavior or belief as a result of a direct order from someon Feedback: Correct. 2 CORRECT Persuasion research has shown that, due to similarity, a person will be more persuaded by A) someone who is like them.
Another contribution to anxiety disorders includes Maladaptive Learning, in which learning theorists say that they are the result from maladaptive conditioning and social learning. A certain stimulus creates fear, which over time will develop into a conditioned stimulus that brings anxiety. According to social learning theorists they may be a result from modeling (Huffman, Karen. pg.