Introduction to Cross-Cultural Psychology Alice F. Brown Psy 450 May 21, 2013 Shally Vaid Introduction to Cross-Cultural Psychology Culture is defined as a set of attitudes, behaviors, and symbols that are shared by a group of people and passed down from generation to generation (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). Cultural psychology is about finding links that are meaningful between a culture and how an individual thinks who lives in the same culture (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). How an individual internalizes his or her culture is the basis of cultural psychology. Cross-cultural psychology is the study of cultures in a comparative and critical method by psychologists. Cross-cultural psychologists are interested in the similarities and differences in all cultures.
Social psychology is the scientific study of the way individuals think, feel, and behave in a social context. Social psychology often emphasizes the power of the situation in affecting people. Social psychology can be distinguished from other disciplines, including sociology, clinical psychology, personality psychology, and cognitive psychology; however, social psychology overlaps with each of these disciplines as well. Social psychology may at first appear to be common sense, but common sense often makes contradictory claims, and many of the findings in social psychology would not be predicted by common sense. A wide range of research methods are used in psychology.
Assessment is an ongoing, dynamic process which continues throughout the process of working with a client. As situations change and people change it is tremendously important to re-assess the client in order to deal with there issues appropriately. Assessment is the beginning of a process of change for the client. Meetings between clients are therefore not merely an unorganised, random act. It is organised and assessment is a major part of the process of change, developed between the social worker and the client.
Defining Social Psychology Brandi K. Keller PSY/400 March 20, 2013 Dr. Timothy Doty Defining Social Psychology Throughout the years each field of science and each discipline relating to psychology has had to fight to prove its point and its relevance to the field; therefore, making each field of psychology worthy of its place within the science and academic communities. One of the many behaviors observed during this trial has been the way people think, influence, and relate to others otherwise known as social psychology. Friends, family, and collogues influence each other, which can be either a positive or a negative influence. How each person thinks and relates to these influences is what determines if the influence will be a positive
Many other experts have contributed to the subject since then, and continue to do so. The ‘psychological contract’ was defined by Professor David Guest as ‘the perceptions of the two parties, employee and employer, of what their mutual obligations are towards each other’ (Guest, DE and Conway, N. 2002). Theorists created various models in an attempt to help explain the many aspects which make up and that can affect the ‘psychological contract’. These models include, ‘The Components of The Psychological Contract’ (Guest D. and Conway N 2004.) and the ‘Psychological Contracts Iceberg Model’ (Chapman, A 2010).
Social-Cognitive Learning Theory: From Miller to Bandura and Beyond The Social-Cognitive learning theory is based off a collaboration of many psychologists work and ideas, it is based on the concepts that we learn (and gain our personalities) by watching how others react to their environment. The original concept originated from psychologists N.E Miller and J. Dollard in the early 1940’s. In the mid 1950’s American psychologist Julian Rotter drifted from the theories of psychoanalysis and behaviourism and wrote on social learning theories. In the 1960’s a Canadian psychologist, Albert Bandura, expanded on theories and became the leading architect of social cognitive theory (Santrock, 2011, p. 27). In 1941 N.E Miller and associate J. Dollard proposed that one could learn a behavior by observing that behavior in others.
Theoretical Perspective: “The Family Stone” There are many questions that social scientists ask to examine relationships within societies. They use their own points of views to identify how different people interact within diverse relationships with ranges of people and use theories to determine the type of discipline. The discipline (anthropology, sociology, and psychology), which is a specific branch of learning, is determined by the theoretical perspective. A theoretical perspective classifies an observation based on specific theories. Each theory is able to be used as an indicator as to how humans make decisions in society.
Social Psychology Definition Paper Jessica Garcia PSY/400 Social Psychology October 28, 2013 Christine Hander Social Psychology Definition Paper Psychology is the scientific study of behavior, both human and animal behavior, with special interest in mental events involved in learning, thinking, and memory just to name a few (Psychology, 2006). Psychology consists of many subfields with a base of different schools of thought. To make these subfields science there are a few key ingredients needed; theory, research, and results. Each field has special interest on understanding,
Foundations of Psychology PSY/ 300 9/15/2014 In today’s society, there are many foundations of psychology. The major schools of psychology are Functionalism, structuralism, behaviorism, Gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis, humanistic, and cognitive Psychology. In this paper, I will examine the many different factors that help play crucial roles in the lives of human beings through culture and biology. The first known school of thought in psychology is structuralism. According to our text, psychology sixth addition Titchener (1867-1927) describes structuralism as an attempt to use introspection as a method for uncovering the basin elements of consciousness and the way they combine with each other into ideas (Kawaiski
The Case Study Method and Tool Case studies are methods in which usually an individual is observed but sometimes can be a setting such as a school, business, or neighborhood. In a case study the foundation of the study is the subject and relevance while trying to near a small study group, one individual case or even one particular population. Case studies may be very descriptive about an individual by a clinical psychologist or even a historical account of an event. They can be useful in trying to test theoretical models by using real life situations. The case study has been used as a tool for natural and social sciences as well as psychological research.