The unconscious mind is when you are doing or thinking something without being alert or aware that you are doing it. Along the idea of the unconscious mind Freud also developed the concept of the ‘ID’, the ‘Ego’ and the ‘Superego’. The id is described as an impulsive, selfish side to our personality which is ruled by a pleasure principle, the superego is the moral part of our personality which recognises right from wrong; and our ego is the part of our mind which tries to rationalise and arbitrate both sides of our thoughts. Freud believed that there were two main causes of abnormality in general. One of these was childhood traumas and the idea that a bad memory from our childhood is so traumatic that it buries itself in our subconscious.
Psychodynamic Theorists Leandra Matos PSYCH/645 Phillip E. Morris, Psy.D. Psychodynamic theorists are theorists that utilize the psychodynamic approach founded by famous psychologist Sigmund Freud. The psychodynamic approach deals heavily with the concept of making sense out of individual’s relationships, experiences, how they view situations around them and overall emotional human functioning. There are several theorists that have contributed to the psychodynamic approach of psychology that include Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, Alfred Adler and Carl C. Jung. These psychologists and theorists all stemmed from the knowledge and efforts of Sigmund Freud.
• The basic determinants of human behavior, including criminality, may be passed on from generation to generation. In other words, a penchant for crime may be inherited. • Much of human conduct is fundamentally rooted in instinctive behavioral responses characteristic of biological organisms everywhere. Territoriality, condemnation of adultery, and acquisitiveness are but three examples of behavior which may be instinctual to human beings. • The biological roots of human conduct have become increasingly disguised, as modern symbolic forms of indirect expressive behavior have replaced more primitive and direct ones.
However, there are some general principles associated with each of the above three paradigms that would be associated with some specific crime control policies. This results in admittedly narrow definition for each of the categories but it does simplify the discussion herein. Psychological Approaches There a many different psychological models of criminal behavior ranging from early Freudian notions to later cognitive and social psychological models. I cannot review them all here. Instead, there are several fundamental assumptions of psychological theories of criminality (and human behavior in general) that I will follow here (Mischel, 1968).
Compare & Contrast: Crime Control vs Due Process In the 1960s, Herbert Packer, a Stanford University law professor, constructed two models: the crime control model and the due process model (Marion & Oliver, 2006). The purpose of these models was to showcase the differing principles regarding policy standards and objectivities within the criminal justice system. The crime control model focuses more on aggressively sentencing criminals to jails or prisons to protect the innocent members of society. The due process model focuses more on the rights of the offenders and providing rehabilitation programs to prevent recidivism. Neither model allows for the “right” or “wrong” method, but simply debates the amount of government involvement, so both are equally important to understand.
Psychodynamic Personality Theories: An Analysis Psychodynamic Personality Theories: An Analysis The psychodynamic theories of personality are a collection of theories that developed from Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis, and just as Freud’s theory, the psychodynamic theories give ample emphasis to unconscious processes, and the effects of early childhood experiences into personality formation (Hockenbury & Hockenbury, 2006). The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief analysis on the strengths and limitations of the psychodynamic theories of personality as it explains individual behavior. The following include as well the answers of how psychodynamic theories affect individual personalities, the influences of such assumptions on interpersonal relationships. Effects of Psychodynamic Theories on Personality Psychodynamic theories focus on human personalities. The psychodynamics theories of personality developed from Sigmund Freud’s thoughts and believes, which mainly focuses on human drives such as sexual and aggressive drives (C, 2006).
Some “Thoughts on the Neurobiology of Stalking ”,“ The Limited role of Neuroimaging in Determining Criminal Liability ”,“ Post-Mortem Forensic Nueroimaging and the fourth one help prove that the said statement is true. Through many extensive tests, examples, discoveries, and research, it is now believed that there are definitely chemical in-balances that exist in criminals that contribute to their actions. This further exemplifies the difference between “cops and robbers”. It seems as though cops and criminals might not be as alike as previous
The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde – a psychoanalytic interpretation There are several ways of interpreting Robert Louis Stevenson's novel 'The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde', but to my mind, the most suitable and interesting one is the psychoanalytic approach. Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis is based on his idea of the human psyche consisting of three areas: first, the super-ego, which represents social and cultural norms and almost corresponds to the human conscience. Second, the id, which accommodates the drives and the instincts hidden in the depths of the human unconscious, as for instance the satisfaction of the human needs or the reproduction. The third area describes the rational ego, which is the human consciousness that tries to mediate between the conscience and the unconscious. By this, the superego and the id are balanced and form the character's identity, an integrated self.
Assess the usefulness of functionalism in explaining crime in society today Functionalism was the first major sociologist approach to crime and deviance however this could mean that maybe functionalists view on crime and deviance is outdated in today’s society. Functionalists take a structural view of crime they also believe that a certain level of crime and deviance is dysfunctional and a threat to social order but integral to a healthy society. However functionalists do not tell us what the perfect amount of crime is therefore it may not be seen as useful in society today. Durkheims theory that crime has four characteristics does relate to society today, these four c characteristics are. Inevitable which is in modern society we have complex specialised divisions of labour which leads to individuals becoming less integrated and more individualistic.
ASSESS THE USEFULNESS OF REALIST THEORIES FOR UNDERSTANDING C+D IN SOCIETY TODAY. Both left and right wing sociologists have attempted to develop ‘realistic’ theories of crime that offer practical solutions in dealing with the issue. However, the way these two approaches go about this is radically different, as right and left realism are from completely opposite ends of the political spectrum. Although like all sociological/criminological theories, they have their limitations and flaws, both approaches have proven useful in understanding crime and deviance for a number of reasons. Left realism is particularly useful in understanding crime and deviance because it avoids the age old divisions between structure and action.