Shock Factor in "Exposure" and "Futility"

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Wilfred Owen is able to achieve the shock factor in the two poems by using similar techniques in the two poems. One of the ways his does this is by utilising literary devices such as alliteration and sibilance, but to different effects. Regardless of the difference in purpose of the devices used, one thing that is strikingly similar about this poem and in all of Owen’s war poems in general, is the tone of the poem. Its gory and sombre tone is the most fundamental way by which Owen is able to relay to the reader the shocks of war. One of the ways that Owen achieves the shock factor in the two poems is by the use of personification. An example of this is found in “Exposure”: “the merciless iced winds that knive us”. In this quote, Owen describes the wind as “merciless”, which shows that the wind is malignant and unforgiving. This is also further emphasised later on in the quote where he uses the word “knive”. The word “knive” indeed implies a violent action, which could mean that Owen is describing weather as though it were an enemy. He then uses personification later on in the poem; "Dawn massing in the east her melancholy army". In this quote, he personifies dawn or nature as a woman which points out that Mother Nature herself has betrayed them. This clashes with the whole idea of women being compassionate and loving, and in fact, the image of the woman is being subverted. This is used by Owen to describe the unpredictability of war that the soldiers had to face. In addition to this, the idea that nature is acting like an enemy towards them highlights the harsh cruelty that the soldiers had to face; not only do they have to deal with enemy attacks but also they must deal with nature not being on the side of the army. So Owen is trying to convey to the reader the double injustices that the soldiers had to face. Therefore, the unforgiving, “merciless” conditions that
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