Asch’s line comparison study asked a participant, in a group of confederates, to identify which line from a set of three was the same as the stimulus, although the answer was obvious. Participants answered aloud with the naïve participant answering last or second from last. Asch found that as the participant heard the others give the same wrong answer they would become visually anxious
M3. Explain why conformity and obedience are important in the public services, with reference to research studies. Conformity and obedience are forms of social influence which strongly affect our behaviour is social situations, from following fashions and unwritten social norms which organise our behaviour, to committing immoral acts because we are commanded to by someone who appears to be in a position of authority. This essay looks at the similarities and differences between the three, looking specifically at the factors that influence each two. Conformity within a group entails members changing their attitudes and beliefs in order to match those of others within the group.
The results however did not support the hypothesis. The results propose that being part of a group has no significant effect on risky decision-making. This could show that this study provides studies that oppose the risky shift phenomenon. Introduction When people are in groups, they make decisions about risk differently from when they are alone. The risky shift phenomenon suggests that people are more likely to make a risky decision when in a group as a shared risk reduces individual responsibility.
Secondly, individuals think and act differently when they are in a group is because they are being controlled by the group. For instance, if there are four people in a group when the accident occurs, one of them wants to help the victim, but the others might want to ignore the scene. Then the person who wants to help the victim thinks that nobody else in group wants to help. That person is more likely to stay with the
Initially the design to test an introspective reaction was to measure the time between when a person heard a ball hit a platform to when they pressed a telegraph once they had perceived the sound. It was more geared to test our conscious awareness less than an emotional response (Myers, 2010, p. 2) This experiment later evolved into the peer introspection that was conducted in class. Something that tests beyond our simple mental reflexes. Participants are asked what their sensations, feelings, and mental images are when presented with stimuli (Myers, 2010, p.3). Two peers, Ciara Craft and Melissa Keller, were the participants in this lab.
Study Guide Exam 3 PSY 131: Chapter 9, 11- 13 Chapter 9: Group Processes 1) Group: Three or more people who interact and are interdependent in the sense that their needs/goals cause them to influence each other 2) Social Roles: Shared expectations in a group about how particular people are supposed to behave 3) Social Facilitation: The tendency for people to do better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance can be evaluated; presence of others causes alertness (arousal) 4) Deindividuation: The loosening of normal constraints on behavior when people cannot be identified. Getting lost in a crowd can lead to an unleashing of behaviors that we would never dream of doing by ourselves. 5) Process Loss: Any aspect of group interaction that inhibits good problem solving 6) Transactive Memory: The
1. Why do you think George Miller gave everyone a 3 rating? George Miller gave everyone a 3 rating because he wanted to take the easy way out of thing. Moreover, doing the performance appraisal correctly allows the manager to get a grasp of where his employees are at, and also to find ways to improve the certain areas that they are not good in. There are many reasons to why George Miller gave every one a 3 rating, and one of them being he didn’t take the time to actual do the performance appraisal by noticing what his employee’s strength and weakness are.
Explain what is meant by social influence Social influence is the term given to the way in which an individual’s behaviour, attitudes or beliefs are changed in some way due to the presence or actions of other people. It refers to the effect one person or a group of people has on another person or group of people. Since early history humans have attempted to define and refine the principles of successful influence. The science of social influence, however, can trace its roots to the Second World War, when a social psychologist named Carl Hovland was contracted by the US Armed Forces to bolster morale. Since then social influence has become a field of study devoted to discovering the principles that determine our beliefs, create attitudes, and move us to action.
The three fundamental cognitive processes underlying social identity theory include categorization of our groups and other groups, identification of ourselves with the values and behavior of our groups, and comparison between us and other groups. The strength of Social Identity theory help explain our need to form social identities even only with minimum in common with the rest of the group. Tajfel’s (1971) ‘Minimal Group Study’ demonstrated this effect on Bristol schoolboys. The schoolboys were randomly assigned to two different groups, but they believed that they had been assigned to either of the groups because they had either over estimated or underestimated the dots shown on a screen. Tajfel found that the boys would try to maximize the difference between their group to the other group as a priority over gaining more points for their own group.
Social influence involves/includes the study of conformity, compliance and it also involves a bit of obedience. Social influence is the way a group or an individual changes your beliefs, interests, thoughts, and perception. Conformity is the act of following a group’s behaviours and attitudes to match the group’s norm. It is a study of social influence involving a change in beliefs, behaviour and personal thinking. One example is from Solomon Ach’s study; he made an experiment to ask a couple of very simple questions with a group of about 7 to 10 people.