After Park’s arrest, the black community organised a Montgomery bus boycott, the boycott would not end until the city hired black bus drivers and the seats on the bus were by first come. The boycott followers decided to call themselves the “Montgomery Improvement Association” or (MIA). The MIA elected a leader by the name of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., a newcomer to Montgomery. On the day Rosa Park’s trial, the boycott organisers handed out pamphlets telling all black people to not take the bus that day. That day, 40,000 black people walked to work in the poring rain, the boycott ending up lasting 382 days.
Freedom rides- Freedom Riders rode in interstate buses into the segregated southern United States to test the U.S. Supreme Court decision Boynton v. Virginia, (1960). the first Freedom Ride left Washington D.C. on May 4, 1961, and was scheduled to arrive in New Orleans on May 17. Boynton v. Virginia had outlawed racial segregation in the restaurants and waiting rooms in terminals serving buses that crossed state lines. five years prior to the Boynton ruling, the Interstate Commerce Commission had issued a ruling in Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company which had explicitly denounced the Plessy v. Ferguson doctrine of separate but equal in interstate bus travel, but the ICC had failed to enforce its own ruling, and thus Jim Crow travel laws
The racial issues that Martin Luther King was fighting for were similar. The white people living behind their white picket fences, and sitting in the front of every bus they rode on, did not notice the people of color who had to attend separate schools then they did, and sit in the back of the bus every single time they stepped foot on the transportation device. “The hottest place in hell is reserved for those who in times of great moral crises maintain their neutrality” - Aleghieri Dante. Dante, an Italian poet was conveying that although the people who were not being oppressed did not agree with the victimization of the ones being discriminated against, not speaking up, or trying to relieve them of
In 1944, a black lady by the name of Irene Morgan was fined $100 on an interstate bus for refusing to give up her seat for a white man, and thus took her case, with the help of the NAACP (National Association in the Advancement of Coloured People) to the Supreme Court. Morgan v Virginia resulted with a new law being set in 1946, which made segregation on interstate buses illegal. Although it was made illegal, it didn’t stop people from doing it, black people were still treated poorly, so nothing had really changed, instead of the change being de facto, it was more de jure. Also in 1944 another court case took place, this time centring on the rights of black people voting in Texas. The issue was that black people were not allowed to vote in the primary elections, only the congressional elections.
When the marchers refused, the troopers attacked and beat them, and forced them back to Brown Chapel, this was called “Bloody Sunday.” A second march occurred on March 9, but only as far as the Pettis Bridge. Judge, Frank M. Johnson, concluded that for marchers barred from political participation, social demonstration was a legal way in Alabama and elsewhere to have a voice in the political process. He also allowed third march, under the protection of the Federal Government. The third march Began on March 21 and ended peacefully on March 25, 1965. In August of 1965, President Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act, granting the redress sought to people who marched and countless others.
If the bus was crowded, African Americans were expected to give up their seats. On the first day of December, Parks was done handling the humiliation of these rules and refused to give up her seat when the bus driver had asked her to. “I felt I had a right to stay where I was,” she said. “I wanted this particular driver to know that we were being treated unfairly as individuals and as people.” She challenges the bus driver’s authority and gets arrested. Her case draws much attention and goes to the Supreme Court.
King insisted that religion is not just about spiritual well being but also about social relevance. * Non-Violence 12/5/12 1955-1965- first phase of the civil rights movement= starts with arrest of Rosa parks and ends with the Selma march. King turned the march around because he did not want to fight the federal judges order. His quarrel was not with the government but the rules the South imposed onto blacks. Civil Rights Movement * Montgomery Bus Boycott- lasted almost a year.
Topic Selection and Proposal Richard L Jones CRJ-105 Professor Malak In the late 70’s, I rode my bike on a school campus with my cousin and some of his friends, his friend went into his class and took some candy, pocket changes, and a few other items. I told my cousin not to take anything, but since we were with them at the time of the theft, my cousin and I were charged with trespassing onto school property after his friends brag about it the Monday morning at school. After I gave my statement, which collaborated with my cousin, we both were not prosecuted, but give a “Big Brother”. This was a program that was suppose deter future run-in with the law by assigning me someone as a role model. In the last fifteen years, juvenile delinquency,
was the pastor of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. When Martin Luther King Jr. was in Montgomery, Alabama, he organized a nonviolent boycott of the bus lines. This came after Rosa Parks was arrested in 1955 for not giving up her seat and moving to the back of the bus. The boycott lasted 382 days before the government stepped into end the segregation on the buses. In 1963 in Birmingham, Alabama, Martin Luther King Jr. launched a nonviolent march in the city to protest the unfair hiring in stores.
King leads this boycott for 385 days to the point that he got arrested and his house got bombed, but led to Browder vs. Gayle which ended racial segregation in all Montgomery public buses. His fight for racial segregation for many years gave all people especially blacks a chance to live, learn, and work in a world where they are able to have an equal opportunity as everyone else. Not everything or everyone is completely liberated from racism due to things such as black men having a hard time being able to get a job because of the stereotypical view that society portrays black people as being lazy, drug addicts,