Federick Douglass What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July

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The Mocking Proclamation “Cast one glance, if you please, upon that young mother, whose shoulders [naked] to the scorching sun, her briny tears falling on the brow of the babe in her arms. See, too, that girl of thirteen, weeping, yes! weeping as she thinks of the mother from whom she has been torn!” (Douglass). Expressed are the words of Frederick Douglass in his resilient speech “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?”. Douglass delivers his speech in front of “[the] President, [friends] and [his fellow citizens]” on the 5th of July in 1852 during the rise of the Civil War (Douglass). In his compelling speech, Douglass, an African American activist, is invited to deliver an oration about the Fourth of July. In his favor, he does not speak much about the United States of America’s freedom; instead Douglass speaks of the horrifying lives of slaves, like his expressed words above, and that how the Fourth of July is a “mockery” of the slaves and himself. He lays out the hardships of an un-freed slave throughout his oration by utilizing an accusing tone, allusions, and distinctive personal experiences to answer his question for his audience: “what to the American slave is the Fourth of July”? To begin, Douglass is an emancipated slave who believes in the abolition of slavery. It is ironic for a black man to be orating in front of an audience of men who are all free and treated equally. It is ironic because the Declaration of Independence recites that “all men are created equal,” and yet the black men are not free nor are they not treated equally. Therefore Douglass states, portraying his accusing tone “the 4th of July… is the birthday of your National Independence… your political freedom” (Douglass). Specifically in this part of Douglass’ speech, he utilizes his accusing tone and makes it apparent by his use of selective diction. His careful choice of words makes

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