Expressionism in the Emperor Jones

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The Emperor Jones by O’ Neill as an Expressionistic Drama. The expressionists tended either to simplify or to distort their subjects to expose extreme and fragmented states of human consciousness. Expressionist works are often set in a nightmarish atmosphere to emphasize the dramatic gap between subjective and objective reality (English Articles). The literary elements like plot, characters, and dialogues undergo a change in the expressionistic play. In structure it avoids the neat pattern of cause and effect. It has a number of short scenes. Each scene is almost detachable from the rest. The technique is extremely subjective regarding characters. The mind of one character is explored in depth while others are reduced to types. These types may be projections of the central character or aid in the revelation of that character. Further, the language of the expressionistic play is highly personal, lyrical and condensed. There is, always, identifying characteristic intense feeling. The expressionist does not make a statement. It is the disturbing quality of language that arrests the attention of the audience. The use of non-literary devices like sound, lighting, and setting is another important aspect of expressionistic aspect of expressionistic play. They are used to communicate the new vision of life. (Shodh) All these qualities are present in this play, the sense are short, the technique is subjective, the mind of the character is explored by revelations, the setting plays an important role and the non-literary devices like the sound of “tom-tom” is prevailing throughout the play. But The Emperor Jones is also an experimental play written in the expressionistic mode. O 'Neill's Emperor Jones uses the expressionistic technique and makes use of symbols. Emperor Jones himself is a double symbol. First, he is a symbol of a Negro asking for freedom. He is slave
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