Challenges of Hegemonic Masculinity in Fifty Shades of Grey and the Wasp Factory

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‘Literary approaches to the contestation of hegemonic masculinity continue to possess agency, despite the fact that literature no longer occupies a dominant position in the cultural sphere’ (West, 2000). Discuss how two core texts challenge hegemonic constructions of masculinity? The concept of hegemonic masculinity was first proposed during a field study of social inequality, the project provided empirical evidence of the existence of multiple hierarchies in gender construction. It was understood as a pattern of practice and not just a set of role expectations. It became distinguished from other masculinities, more so the subordinate masculinities of previous studies. Hegemonic masculinity was not assumed to be a normal masculinity for men to adhere to, rather it was in the statistical sense and only a few men enact this type of masculinity. The ideas however, honoured the way of being a man and required other men to position themselves against it. The Hegemony in this sense did not mean violence but it could be supported by force, it meant ascendancy was achieved through the culture institutions and persuasion. Hegemonic masculinity came into existence in specific circumstances and was actually open to historical change. (Connell, R.W. 1987) What we could argue then is that historically, the concept of hegemonic masculinity can change. It is an application of acts, the practice of masculinity which we consider in culture, so generally the most ‘accepted’ or ‘idealized’ sense of masculinity. I shall be looking at two novels to discuss the contestation of hegemonic masculinity, ‘The Wasp Factory’, Iain Banks and ‘Fifty Shades Of Grey’, E.l James. I intend to focus on the definition above and the way in which the application of contesting ideas can be found in both of these novels. Iain Bank’s novel The Wasp Factory uses the contestation of hegemonic

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