Biography in Fiction by Julian Barnes

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Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of English and American Studies English Language and Literature Patrik Míša Biography in Fiction by Julian Barnes Master’s Diploma Thesis Supervisor: prof. Mgr. Milada Franková, CSc., M.A. 2013 I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. Patrik Míša Acknowledgement I would like to express my gratitude to prof. Milada Franková for her support, helpful feedback and kind attitude. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 5 2. A Brief History of Biography 7 2.1 Classical and Medieval Biography 8 2.2 Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century 13 2.3 Twentieth Century 18 2.4 Biography and Fiction 24 3. Biography in Novels by Julian Barnes 27 3.1 Flaubert’s Parrot 28 3.2 Arthur & George 46 4. Conclusion 64 5. Bibliography 66 Introduction A number of literary scholars have noticed, and commented on, the recently growing critical interest in the genre of biography. The literary criticism of biography brings new challenges because while biography as a type of nonfiction is primarily concerned with the depiction of real figures, literary criticism usually deals with fiction whose aim is to create characters and their lives. However, what might be seen as applying the measures of fiction on a nonfiction genre can, in the end, lead to a better appreciation of biography. As Linda Hutcheon argues, focusing on what history and literature have in common, rather than on in what they differ, is what has recently been the core of postmodern theory. Biography in fiction or fictional biography has a special position in this respect because it uses devices from both fiction and nonfiction. It employs biographical techniques or biographical data, while often not claiming to be an authoritative historical
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