William Blake London

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William Blake’s view of London. William Blake has a very negative view of London and uses many literary devices in ‘London’ to convey this view. Firstly, the oxymoron ‘the chartered Thames does flow.’ shows how the Thames has been unnaturally channelled to make profit through trade. There are also ‘marks of weakness, marks of woe’ in everyone’s faces. This may link to the fact that a large amount of the population has contracted syphilis which leaves facial scars. In the next stanza the repetition of ‘in every’ emphasises how the events he writes about are common occurrences. As well as this ‘every infant’s cry of fear’ relates to the high infant mortality in 18th century London. Many children died of disease or malnutrition. Finally this stanza ends with the metaphor ‘mind-forged manacles’ which can be seen to portray how the people of London are held captive by the expectations of society and so cannot express themselves. Next Blake describes how when the young chimney-sweeper’s are subjected to bad working conditions the ‘blackening church appals’. The word appals describes dismay or shock; therefore the church is shocked by the young chimney-sweepers situation. However another meaning for appals is to turn white; using this meaning the line can be taken as the church does nothing to help therefore keeping itself away from the black soot. As well as this by describing the church as ‘blackening’ Blake is saying that it’s not as morally high as it should be. In connection to these two lines the next two criticize the royal family. The soldier is described as ‘hapless’ because he is unfortunate as the war he is fighting is not his war. His misfortune ‘runs in blood down (the) palace walls’ because the war was called by the royal family and their advisers and so they should take the blame instead of the poorer people. The blood running down the walls can
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