Why Were Public Hangings Abolished in Britain in the 19th Century?

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Why were public executions abolished in the 19th century? One reason why public executions were abolished in the 19th century is due to the influence of public figures. For example, the writers William Thackeray and Charles Darwin both campaigned against public executions. Thackeray attended the public execution of Francois Courvoisier at Newgate on 6th July 1840 and he recorded in ‘Going to see a man hanged’ that he couldn’t bring himself to look at the final scene and that he had flashbacks of the execution for two weeks afterwards. Therefore, the influence of public figures may contributed to the abolishment of public executions because this written account of the execution from a public figure may well have opened the public’s eye to the inhumanity of public executions. Furthermore, religious groups such as the Quaker movement were strongly opposed to public executions and this may also have influenced opinion on public executions because religious groups held a large amount of weight in society at the time. Another reason why public executions were abolished in the 19th century was that people were frequently injured and in some cases, even died as a result of the crowds pushing forward to get a better view of the execution. For example, on the 24th February 1807 at the hanging of three murderers; Owen Haggarty, John Holloway and Elizabeth Godfrey at Newgate, 27 people were killed by the crowds and a further 70 required hospital treatment. The authorities were powerless to help the injured and dying until the gallows had been taken back into Newgate and the crowds cleared because they simply could not get to them. An inquest was launched the following day and came to the conclusion that ‘several persons came by their deaths from compression and suffocation’. Therefore, injury and death to members of the public during the executions may well contributed
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