Why Were Martin Luther King's Campaigns in the North Less Successful Than Those in the South?

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Martin Luther King led a series of campaigns in the North starting in 1966, after succeeding in challenging the voting and segregation issues of the. Southern states. His overall aims for these campaigns was to challenge the poor living and economic conditions of the American Americans living there. However, these campaigns proved to be most challenging for King because the same tactics that he had used to bring change in the South were no longer effective. This is partly due to a combination of factors of which are poor planning and tactics, African American violence and a lack of federal government support. The major reason that the campaigns in the north weren't nearly as successful was due to the lack of federal and local government support, something which was integral to the success of many of the southern campaigns, notably Birmingham and Little rock. The relationship between Johnson and the organisers of the movement was strained because of disagreements over the Mississippi Freedom summer in 1964. Also, King made errors in declaring his stance over the Vietnam War, as he stated that he was anti-war supporter. This would hinder the chances of success in the Northern campaigns because Johnson refused to back and involve himself any further in the campaigns. There are many examples of where the influence of the federal government would have helped. For example the use of force could have helped control and stop the violence from the riots caused by the fire hydrants being turned off by the local government. Due to the violence that preceded the turning off of the fire hydrants the success of the movement would have been damaged because of the whites seeing violence as argument for refusing equal rights. Another example would be that of the white mobs throwing stones at King during the marches. In addition, to his relationship with Johnson, King could have
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