Why the North Won the War

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Why the North Won the Civil War Robert McClure Civil War History Professor Edwards May 3, 2013 The American Civil War was no certainly a defining time in our young nation, and the question still persists as to why the North won the war. There are many differing opinions on the subject, with some even believing that it wasn’t so much that the North won the war as that the South lost it. It is difficult to identify one specific reason why the North won or, for the sake of argument, one specific reason why the South lost. There are reasonable explanations as to why the Union ended up victorious. Three of the most compelling reasons include the continued neutrality of European nations, the battle of attrition, and the superiority of the Union government. These three tangible grounds were instrumental in the Union’s success. Neutrality of European Nations The South thought they had a trump card to entice European nations into supporting their cause through their monopoly in the cotton business. “King Cotton” was that trump card as Europe had a major economic need for cotton at the time and the North had little relief to offer in that area. By withholding exports of cotton to Europe, the South was hoping to pressure European nations into supporting their cause.1 This idea backfired for many reasons, one of which was that, even though prices soared, Europe had a surplus of cotton for its textile mills because of the bumper crops of the late 1850s. The tactic of withholding cotton to European nations, most importantly England, was doomed to fail as there was no way this powerful nation was going to give into what amounted to economic blackmail. England found alternative ways to supplement their cotton needs through India and Egypt. Even with the cotton shortage at its worst in England in 1862, when workers in the textile mills were suffering,
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