However, many other factors played a role in the demise of the Parliament such as the fact that they were ill-organised, the lack of popular support and their inability to enforce decisions. Frederick William IV was partially responsible for the failure of the Frankfurt Parliament as he was unwilling to accept the ‘crown from the gutter’. William IV was aware that acceptance of the leadership may lead to war with Austria. Austria had no wish to see a united Germany and wanted to keep it weak and divided in order to dominate. Frederick William shared this view and was unwilling to potentially cause a war with such a powerful state.
The crucial weakness of the Weimer republic lay not in the strength of its enemies but in the striking absence of its friends. Germany had enjoyed relative stability throughout 1920-1924, it was later realised as a veneer of stability and would crash following the collapse of wall St. there was still many latent, structural problems ready to surface once trouble struck. One of the key reasons for the demise of the Weimar Republic was that the post-war situation was not conducive to the creation of a radically new system of Government. Mostly, Germans had no say in the new government and it was strongly forced upon, the Weimer republic was the only hope they had in order to bring back nationalism and stability at the time, although during the 1920’s, all it could be seen as was an unstable democracy, with little support. Temporary successes during the Weimer republic includes the foreign policy, Germany is finally invited to join the league of nations, this represented change as it stated it the treaty of Versailles that this was not permitted.
This essay examines the reasons why collective security failed in years 1920-1935, and reasons for the failure can be grouped in four big categories: internal issues of collective security, external issues, impact of Great Depression and final decline due to events of 1930s. Problems of collective security were encountered at the beginning within League itself when USA refused to join, even thought the League was proposed by USA`s president Woodrow Wilson. The US Congress was concerned that League would drag it into more disputes and didn`t want to interfere. That decreased success of the League as it lacked most economically stable country at the time. It was then primarily led by Europe at a decline.
Metternich aimed to stop the revolution in Naples from spreading to other parts of the country, as it was obvious, as it was the first major uprising that it had the potential to be big enough to damage the Austrian rule in Italy, King Ferdiand had promised a constitution which was not being granted when they wanted and General Pepe was appointed as leader of the revolutionists and he was to be made leader of the new government. At the Congress of Troppau it was decided between some of the biggest countries in Europe that the uprising would be stopped at the King of Naples would be restored, for this to happen there were various steps. The entire operation was master minded by the Austrians. The Austrian troops marched into Naples and suppressed the uprising with the backing of Russia and Prussia, the suppression was very vicious and they restored King Ferdinand’s monarchy, which was very much in favour of Austrian help. During 1821 there was another uprising in Italy in Piedmont, this was the battle between Charles Albert and
The League’s failure to maintain relationships between potential aggressor members and communicate with them effectively was a major factor that contributed to the gradual demise of the League and a favorable argument to the ongoing debate of the Leagues inability to perform collective governance. Britain, France, Italy and Japan had the power to veto the assembly’s decisions, even if they were unanimous. This gave those found countries a distinct advantage over the rest. There were 42 original members of the League of Nations. They included Australia, the Republic of China, Columbia, Canada and Peru.
For Italy the most obvious allies would be the Austria-Hungary and Germany as they formed a triple alliance in 1911. However they eventually joined the Triple Entente with Britain, France and Russia as they had little to gain from the tripe alliance but where promised they could expand their empire and so on the 26th April 1915, Italy signed the Secret Treaty of London, committing them to the Triple Entente, but Italy didn't officially enter the war until 20th May 1915 when the Italian Parliament, influenced by the King and the Prime Minister, granted consent. During the next 4 years 5,000,000 conscripted, most of them peasants from the South who resented fighting for northern land which they didn't care about. By the end of the war there were 600,000 dead and a further 1,000,000 injured I think this was mainly to do with lack of experience and poor leadership. One example of this is the Battle of Caporetto in October 1917 where in the first few weeks 10,000 Italian troops were dead 300,000 were wounded and 300,00 captured by the Austrians.
-but the neutrality act covered only implements of war. Roosevelt accordingly called for a voluntary restriction, a "moral embargo". -that embargo aroused the protest of the Italian government and met with general defiance by American oil companies. The American policy preceded by many weeks economic sanctions by the league which did not include oil. -when Congress convened in 1936 one of its first task was to replace the neutrality resolution of 1935, but in the end it extended the existing act until May 1, 1937, with amendments banning credits to belligerents and leaving it up to the president to decide that a state of war existed before the act could be
The entry into World War I in 1917 was a crucial turning point in both Woodrow Wilson's presidency but also American history in itself. When the German's announced the use of unrestricted submarine warfare and there were subsequent sinking of ships with Americans on board such as the Lusitania, the United States immediately decided to enter the war. Then, after the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, Woodrow Wilson came back with the Treaty of Versailles which would create a League of Nations. The original goal of the League was to have to power to prevent all future wars and help create more peaceful agreements worldwide. Although many Americans favored the treaty as well as the League, it did not pass in the Senate and as a result, the United States did not enter in the League of Nations.
Britain was not prepared to act alone, so the League eventually did nothing. Poland kept Vilna. This was a bad decision made: the League failed to act. A meeting of the Council should have happened and fair decisions made taking into account the perspectives of the two countries. This was the worst of the League’s actions in the 1920s.
None of the states in Italy agreed on anything about from one thing - getting Austria out of Lombardy and Venetia. One of the main reasons why the revolutions in 1848 and 1849 Italy failed was because of the Austrians. In January 1848, people in Milan refused to buy tobacco or play the lottery because this fed the Austrian assets. Austria then became angry about this so they killed some Italian citizens. In July 1947, Austria took Ferrara, a town in the Papal States.