The French revolution and the Haitian alike began with inspiration from prior revolutions and their ideology (such as the American revolution). Furthermore using Enlightenment ideals to fire their cause was important in both; there was a want for social reform a nation without elites of masters (slaves) and freedoms. Another trait shared by both was mass riot and revolts. In France the was “The Reign of Terror” in 1793 were many people were executed. In Haiti there were mass slave revolts, that were the base for the entire revolution.
He had a certain vision for France and instead of doing it the right way by asking others opinions, he took over and became a dictator passing radical laws. Napoleon came into power a little different. He started off by overthrowing the Directory in a the Coup de' etat in 1799. When they threw over the directory the people voted for three men, Consul of Three, to be in charge of the cointry. And guess what, Napoleon was one of them!
He thought that the veteran mercenaries were a potential threat, so he had them go to the city of Messana to attack the Campanians. While they advanced he had the rest of the army withdraw while they were slaughtered. He led the army to defeat the enemy in the plain of Mylae, capturing their leaders and ending the aggressive behavior of the Mamertines. Hiero went back to Syracruse and was seen by the allies as king. Mamertimes were defeated on their territory, so they appealed to Rome and to the Carthaginians.
Napoleon's first major mistake was made in March of 1808, when Napoleon intervened in a dispute between the present king of Spain and the king's son. He placed them both in prison and put his own brother on the throne. The people of Spain did not take too kindly to this act and so began a bloody war that was not defined by major battles, but by guerrilla warfare that kept a large number of French troops occupied to keep control of the country. French troops would end up executing hundreds of Spaniards who were thought to be resisting French power. Britain saw an opportunity to weaken Napoleon's empire by landing 13,000 troops on the coast of Portugal, where they made their way up along Spain's coastline.
In the end Savonarola was thrown out of San Marcos and burned to death for his interventions in the state. These are two example of how Florence freed itself from tyranny in 1494 and 1498. Now that Medici and Savonarola were out of the picture, the Florentines decided they wanted to reinvent the city of Florence. So the Signoria wanted to renew the Florence republic and in order to do that they would commission artists to create new images that would restore the image of the republic power. The history of earlier republic city of Florence was induced in these images as well.
• Even though he was an Emperor, he actually started the demise of kingdoms and royalty. • Napoleon’s legacy is quite complex because he was the embodiment of the Enlightenment on one hand, and on the other, he inspired fear. • He contributed to the resurgence of conservatism, the growth of nationalism, and the rise of a new phenomenon, romanticism. This deadly trio led to two world wars. • It is true that he implemented some revolutionary institutions, but one should not overlook the fact that he also had every one of them only to satisfy his own desire.
The ideas of Young Italy were to spread from Marseilles in France, which was Mazzini’s base, to Piedmont, the Papal States and Tuscany. In Piedmont the journal, ‘Young Italy’ was widely read and many readers supported the idea of a national revolution, however, the attempts at revolutions failed. Although Young Italy failed in some aspects, nationalist feelings had spread across Italy, therefore encouraging other nationalists to stand up. Young Italy was a failure, as all the national revolutions which were supposed to unify Italy never happened. In 1833 the proposed army coup was detected before it began, however Charles Albert was enraged by the intended revolution, and 12 members of Young Italy were executed, and 67 members were arrested.
Napoleon's invasion of Spain in 1807 provided the spark the rebels needed. Napoleon, who at the time wanted to expand his empire, attacked and defeated Spain. He put his elder brother Joseph on the Spanish throne. This act made for a perfect excuse for secession. By the time Spain had gotten rid of Joseph in 1813 most of their former colonies had declared themselves independent.
One of the causes of these failures was that the discontent that prompted the people to initiate a revolution was in most cases of a local nature meaning that revolutionaries in different states would have had very little if not no incentive to come to each other’s aid. For example the temporary revolutionary government established in Bologna actually refused the Modenese revolutionaries pleas for help. This is hardly surprising when we consider how locally orientated the aims of the revolutionaries were, for example one of the main reasons for the attempted revolution in Sicily was to attain independence from Naples to which it had being forcibly united with in 1815, this was something that people outside of Sicily would have cared very little about if at all. Because of the fact that many of the
It was from these experiences that Machiavelli formed his beliefs about the organisation of an effective leadership. However, The Medici family returned to power and ended the Florentine Republic, in September 1512. Machiavelli was fired from his post and later he was suspected of plotting against the new Medicean government. This led him to imprisonment were he was tortured and received a huge fine. After his imprisonment Machiavelli found himself to be unemployed, he tried desperately to re-enter the political scene.