What Was the Main Reason for Britain's Declaration of War on China in 1839

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What was the main reason for Britain’s declaration of war on China in 1840? IB History Higher Level Internal Assessment Name: Ng Chung Hong Timothy School: Li Po Chun United World College Session: May 2015 Candidate Number: 000638 – 0085 Word Count: 1976 Section A – Plan of the Investigation The investigation will address the question: “What was the main reason for Britain’s declaration of war on China in 1840?” The scope of the question will focus on the Qing’s economic policies and the diplomacy between Britain and China in the 18th and 19th century. The investigation will also look into detail the Qing government’s policies on opium in early 19th century and events in the 1830s including Lin Weixi’s incident and British Parliamentary debate. The method used in the investigation will be examining the extent the restrictive trade policies of China, failure of diplomacy and British parliamentary debate have caused the declaration of war by Britian. To determine the main reason for the declaration of war, both English and Chinese secondary sources will be mainly used, also primary sources about the British parliamentary debate. In section C, “British Trade and the Opening of China 1800-1842” by Michael Greenberg will be evaluated according to its origin, purpose, value and limitation since it reveals and analyzes trade between China and Britain which is useful for my investigation. “The Opium Wars: The Addiction of One Empire and the Corruption of another” will also be evaluated since it reveals and analyzes the diplomacy between China and Britain. Section B – Summary of Evidence Qing Government’s economic policies and trade with Britian In 1757, Emperor Qianlong implemented the Canton system, under which all foreign ships were only allowed to anchor in Guangdong. Foreign merchants

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