Why was the Unreformed House of Commons able to Reform itself in 1832? The splintering of the Tory party into several different factions played a part the Reform bill being able to be passed through the House of Commons. It split between the Huskissonites, The Ultras and the Small group of Support Wellington and Peel had managed to maintain. In 1832 Wellington tried to make a new Cabinet at the behest of this king but this crumbled when Peel refused to become involved in a Government that would pass Reform. The strong leadership of Grey over the Whigs was also a vital part of the road to reform as Grey was determined to get a Reform bill passed through Parliament (Reform that you can preserve) because of growing pressure from the middle class businessmen in Large cities that had no representation such as Birmingham and Manchester.
The English Civil War Why did parliament defeat King Charles? In 1642, a civil war broke out between the King’s army, (king Charles 1’s Cavaliers) and Parliaments army (The Roundheads, called roundheads because of their short hair). This was over wealth, money, power and religion. Parliament’s roundheads (Stalemates) had MP’s, Merchants, Puritans, Leeds and Bradford supporting them. Most people thought that the roundheads were going to win because they had experienced leaders that had previously been in a civil war, Oliver Cromwell and Thomas Fairfax.
Chartism is a fairly dispersed movement, its large nature and appeal coupled with many different opposing viewpoints, make it really difficult to categorize, and equally difficult to find a defined origin. Chartism in its rawest definition was the world first working class movement, which by its definition would give it a huge backing politically. But why exactly did it come about in the around 1838? One of the main reasons would have to be the failure of the so-called “Great” reform act for most people. Effectively the act benefited the middle classes, who were now given an electoral voice in parliament, while the working classes were largely ignored, causing widespread anger and resentment for the act, and all those it benefited.
Oliver Cromwell rose to power by being a member of Parliament. Although he was merely a Gentleman farmer, he was wealthy enough to become an MP. He achieved a more important role when he was asked to help parliament fight the King. The main reasons for civil war braking out were King Charles I being stubborn and selfish. For example, he re-introduced Ship tax, and believed in Divine Right.
However one thing is certain, the victor will either be King Charles Stewart and his Royalist supporters or the men of Parliament with their supporters. It is despicable that Parliament refuses to accept the divine will of our great and noble King Charles. Parliament has been given a sound opportunity to listen to the will of our King yet they have chosen to ignore his will and as a result they have jeopardized our position as a force in Europe and worst of all they have committed high treason. Parliaments will regret allowing the five condemned Members of Parliament to escape justice; it is only a matter of time before they beg for forgiveness. We have a strong position in the West Country, the north and Wales and we firmly believe that the people will gladly support our sovereign in this conflict.
In demanding so much, the supporters of the charter probably ensured its downfall, for the number of demands probably diluted support for any one single demand. The charter called for: The vote for all adult males, payments for members of parliament, equal electoral districts, the secret ballot, no property qualifications for MPs and annual general elections. Chartists wanted a say in how Britain was governed, they believed the fundamental cause of their distress was ‘misgovernment’. The government was in the hands of an un-elected, un-representative land owning elite. Radicals and Chartists alike believed landowners used powers to advance their own interests.
The English Civil War lasted from 1642 to 1649. The war was a result of a split between King Charles I and Parliament. Neither side was willing to back down over the principles that they held and civil war was the only way this disagreement could be solved. The country split into those who supported the king and those who supported Parliament – the classic ingredients for a civil war. It has been argued that Charles I was the main reason that war broke out.
Although finance played a significant role in the deterioration of the relationship between Crown and Parliament, it was not the lone reason, due to the fact that there were other more important factors including foreign policy and Buckingham which caused the collapse in the relationship between Crown and Parliament. Firstly, finance was a critical factor in the breakdown in the relationship. For example, the Forced Loan caused a great amount of tension between Crown and Parliament and therefore, worsened relations. It worsened relations because Charles enforced illegal taxations on his subjects without any form of consent from Parliament. He required that his subjects “loan him the equivalent of five subsidies” and although it was “opposed by significant numbers in the localities,” the taxation still occurred as the government had “employed all its powers to eliminate resistance”.
He believed he had the support of the English Parliament. Mark Kishlansky states that where previous requests for money and army were pressing, as in the 1620’s, the situation after the First Bishops War was one of “genuine emergency,” and parliament knew this. Parliament was arguing that an invasion of England was not as important as attacks on the freedom of its citizens (Kishlansky, 1997: 140). Kishlansky has highlighted how important the events of the First Bishops War was, Charles was backed into a corner by parliament due to the events in Scotland. David Smith says that it was clear that some members of both houses sympathised with the covenanters and wished to defeat the supply of money in order to encourage a resistance, (Smith, 1998: p111) highlighting that there was a
Stalin was more popular because of Trotsky’s “political paralysis” he couldn’t be a good public speaker. This links to my next point because they both result in Stalin’s getting more power. Stalin made an alliance with Zinoviev and Kamenev to form the triumvirate. The triumvirate’s main aim was to defeat Trotsky. Trotsky advocated a permanent revolution with Stalin didn’t want.