Voltaire's Candide : Themes

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Candide is a satirical novel by Voltaire about a naïve individual, Candide, who struggles to understand life. He travels with his friend and advisor, Pangloss an optimistic philosopher, in search of his lover, Cunegonde. In the novel, Voltaire explores several themes. He addresses the theme of corruption in religion, and the absurdity of love and death. By ridiculing several elements of human nature, Voltaire presents the many themes of the novel through his eloquent use of irony. Voltaire also uses satire to present the theme of religion. He mocks religion by depicting religious figures as corrupt and demoralized hypocrites. "He approached a man who had just been addressing …on the subject of charity…[Candide:] 'I am in want of something to eat.' [Minister:]'You don't deserve to eat."(7) This shows the hypocrisy of religion. Although the minister had just been telling others to help the less fortunate, he himself doesn’t abide to his words. Furthermore, Cunegonde's money is stolen by a religious friar: " Reverend Grey Friar, who …came into our room twice, and he set out upon his journey long before us." (21) It is evident that he stole from Cunegonde because he left before they noticed, an act usually done by the guilty. The old woman who accompanied Cunegonde reveals that she was the "daughter of Pope Urban X."(23) For the Pope to have had a daughter, he must have had a woman. This means that he broke the vows of celibacy. Voltaire portrays the corruptness of religion institutions by taking the highest rank in religion and conveying the person as a hypocrite. The hypocrisy of religion is also evident in the following part: "At length I saw my mother herself, torn, mangled, massacred, by the monsters …my companions... soldiers, sailors, blacks, whites, mulattoes… all were killed... and yet they never missed the five prayers a day ordained by their
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