Chapter 22: The Early Industrial Revolution 1760- 1851 I. Causes of the Industrial revolution i. Population Growth * Many factors caused the increase in population growth, some including, reliable food supplies, high birthrates and immunity to diseases * Children were the majority of the population * Migration also allowed population growth; people move from the country side to the cities * Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes that occurred in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. ii. Agricultural Revolution * Agriculture Revolution: The agricultural revolution was a period of agricultural development between the 18th century and the end of the 19th century, which saw a massive and rapid increase in agricultural production * It began before the 18th century .Farmers increased agricultural production, milk production, and the addition of new crops * Many wealthy landowners invested in new farming techniques and new crops * The wealthy secluded their lands to apply new methods on their farm crops iii. Trade and Inventiveness * Demands for goods increased in Europe * Population growth and agricultural production increase were added to the growth and trade and technology demands * Eli Whitney and John Hall invented the machine tools that were capable of making other machines * Benjamin Franklin and others experimented with electricity iv.
Another Portuguese explorer was Da Gama. Da Gama captained the fleet of ships to reach India. There, they found many more spices and set up trading posts for Europe. This Journey opened a direct route to the overseas trade that helped for Portugal’s economy. Though Portugal was probably the largest country for exploration another center country was Spain.
When Witte placed emphasis on industrialisation, it meant that jobs were created in towns and cities. Serfs came from rural areas in the hope of a better way of life, which led to urban areas quickly expanding. The populations of Moscow and St. Petersburg more than doubled between 1881 and 1910. A large textiles industry grew around Moscow
Ancient History Assignment: Archaic Greece Evaluate the development and use of trade in Archaic Greece. During the Archaic Period of Greek history, trade was a primary feature of the Greek world. Succeeding territorial expansion, a swell in the population, and transformation in transportation, supplies could be bought and sold in a division of the Mediterranean which had their basis in an entirely different and far-away region. Following these changes, manufactured goods and other supplies were now available not only to the Greeks, but the export of characteristic goods such as wine and pottery allowed the spread of Greek culture to the outside world. The findings of pottery and valuable goods such as gold and copper found significantly far from their origin of manufacture certifies the trade network which existed between the Greek mainland, Egypt, Asia Minor, and islands such as Crete, Cyprus and the Cyclades.
Western Europe experienced the largest amount of changes because the main countries that were becoming involved in international trade were located here. These countries include England, Spain, and Portugal. After contact had first been made with people on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, the first stock exchange was set up in 1538, which represented a steady economy and businesses that could be trusted to continue success within the companies. Along with the new businesses and technology, through international trade, new products were introduced to Europe such as tobacco and potatoes. Companies that focused on trade were also introduced, such as the Dutch, English, and French East India companies.
This increase was partly due to an influx of immigrants. 2 Immigration increased the U.S. population and it also created a new source of laborers. In addition to social changes, there were dramatic changes in the labor movement which happened between the years 1877 and the 1920s. With the end of the Civil War, industries began booming and the railroad industry especially increased: in fact, the railroad industry was the second largest industry in the United States and agriculture was the first largest. The year 1877 is famous for the Great Upheaval which is also known as the Great Railroad Strike of 1877.
There were many changes and continuities in commerce in the Indian Ocean from 650 C.E to 1750 C.E. Changes including the introduction of new technologies and methods allowed for the ability to predict the right weathers to sail made trade easier and less dangerous thus making trade more efficient and economic. Continuities have included but weren’t limited to improved technology for sailing and navigating in the Indian ocean, the introduction of the Dhow, and the outside need for spices, jewels and fine textiles. Trade began with small businesses and settlements. But because of the rise of empires and increase in trade people began expand their trade routes.
All of these issues helped to shape the American nation and its people. After the Civil War, the development of improved industrial methods and the arrival of masses of immigrants eager for factory jobs launched a new era of mass production in the United States. The nation turned its efforts toward economic recovery and expansion. America's abundant supply of natural resources, such as coal and oil, encouraged investment. Much of this investment came from already industrialized countries like Germany, Great Britain, and France whose business owners looked for new investment opportunities in the United States.
The Indian Ocean was a power trading region that encouraged the spread of religion, crops, languages and people. Goods and ideas were traded consistently throughout this 1,100 year time period, but the traders, merchants, powers, trading systems, and some of the products changed from 650 to 1750. Trade flourished as the spices, textiles, manufactured goods, and raw goods of the Indian Ocean became staples that the western world came to depend on heavily. But, trade of these items was already in effect long before the Europeans arrived. This continuity of sea trade can be seen throughout 650-1750, rising and falling at times.
Moreover, this then led to changes in the supply of money, the concept of credit, and in forms of investment. This in turn brought new understandings of economics. Along with this, the industrial revolution led to the prosperous trade not only across the English Channel to Europe, but across the oceans to Africa, Asia, and North and South America. Not only this, but between 1800-1850 the national income rose by two-hundred-thirty percent. Economic stability and growth led to people being well fed, to have proper housing, and gave people opportunities to not be dependent on an agricultural income.