The Struggles of John Donne

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The Struggles of John Donne John Donne lived in a time of shifting ideas and changing trends, born in 1572 to a Roman Catholic family. The constant shifting of the Church of England’s religion – between Catholic, Donne’s family religion, and Protestant – almost created Donne’s destiny of a life caught between two worlds that he could not decide on. Duality – sacred and secular, church and state, body and soul summarize Donne’s time. Donne himself epitomizes the duality of being caught between his secular pursuits and his “fate” as a preacher as we can see in Holy Sonnet 9. In Donne’s early years his mother had a private tutor for him until he was nine years of age and then was sent to the University of Oxford (Walton xix). At the age of fourteen Donne went to Cambridge where, the duality of his pursuits, of what to become in life, began. Friends and tutors encouraged Donne to be free of being tied to a career by not choosing a degree – truly a Renaissance way of thinking (Walton xix). He left, Oxford without taking a degree; graduation required signing an oath of allegiance to the monarch, an act that would have compromised his Catholicism. (Logan 1212). Thus, he did not obtain a degree from Oxford and moved onto Cambridge, where again his refusal to take the oath prevented him from a degree (Walton xix). Donne, stranded between obtaining a secular degree and remaining true to his sacred upbringing, continued to add to the growing duality that would encompass his life and his poetry. Donne’s Holy Sonnets demonstrate the epitome of his struggles between the sacred and secular, church and state, and the body and soul. The dualities that Donne faced are most recognizable within Holy Sonnet 9, which reflect Donne as constantly being caught between a rock and a hard place. According to Robert Jackson the duality of Donne is expressly visible in his
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