The nervous system is defined by the presence of a special type of cell, called the neuron. Neurons send signals with rapid precision to other cells with special structures that allow them to accomplish this task. Sensory neurons carry impulses or electrochemical signals to the interneurons of the brain. The interneurons interpret these impulses while the motor neurons carry
It occurs when the five sensory organs, thus eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin absorb energy from a physical stimulus in the environment. These sense organs register the stimulus with the physical properties, decodes it, and transform it into a neural signal that is then transmitted to the brain. Sensory receptors then convert this energy into neural impulses and send them to the brain. The five human senses all operate similarly, but each receives different information and sends it to a specialized region in the brain. Therefore, different sensations occur because each sense activates a different part of the brain.
A synaptic space is a tiny gap between neurons and dendrites. When the neuron fires, it travels out the axon terminal into a terminal button using chemicals called neurotransmitters. These terminals consist of small sacs that are called synaptic vesicles. There are also neurons that are called the messengers that are from sense organs and they carry messages to your spinal cord or your brain. These neurons
Each of these lobes has different functions from each other. On the other hand, the neurotransmitters are the information carriers, they carry electrochemical signals to and from the brain throughout the entire body in human beings. Then, we have the nervous system which can actually be divided into two parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) where the brain and spinal cord are parts of the CNS. The PNS can still be divided into two specific parts, the somatic nervous system (SNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS). While the SNS directs the movements of the skeletal muscles, the ANS regulates involuntary processes such as the heart beating, breathing, blood pressure, and blood sugar level.
Hemispheric specialization refers to the dominance of one hemisphere of the brain in specific functions, such as language, emotions, motor control and so on ( Feldman, 2009). The brain is a part of the central nervous system which is the subdivision of the nervous system. Its main role is to process sensory information from various parts of the body to make them meaningful. The brain receives sensory information from all parts of the body through the spinal cord (Passer & Smith, 2009). Basically, the brain is divided into three parts.
The Pituitary Gland The body contains a system for communicating, coordinating and controlling the bodies work. This is known as the endocrine system. The endocrine system works together with other systems and glands in the body to maintain and control body energy levels, reproductions, growth and development, homeostasis and responses to stress and injury. To maintain these functions, a network of glands and organs produce, store, and secrete certain hormones to complete different body functions. Hormones, which are chemical messengers, transfer information from one gland to another for important body functions.
1.a) Outline two assumptions of the biological approach One assumption of the biological approach is behaviour can be explained in terms of different areas of the brain. The brain is made up of the frontal lobe, the occipital lobe, the temporal lobe, the parietal lobe and the cerebellum. According to the biological approach different areas of the brain control different behaviours. For example the frontal lobe is responsible for personality and the occipital lobe is responsible for vision. Damage to these areas of the brain can change a person’s behaviour for example damage to the frontal lobe can affect personality.
UNIVERSITY OF SHARJAH COLLEGE OF MEDICINE MUSCLOSKELETAL UNIT PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICAL HANDOUT PREPARED BY: DR SUNDUS AL-OMAR ACADEMIC YEAR (2011-2012) Nerve Conduction Velocity Theory background The nerve impulse is a wave of depolarization immediately followed by a wave of repolarization, collectively called an action potential, occurring on the plasma membrane of a nerve fiber. Changes in ion conductance across the nerve fiber membrane are responsible for the initiation and propagation of the action potential. Experimentally, these changes can be the result of electrical current applied through electrodes. Once initiated, an action potential is usually propagated without decrement in amplitude or velocity along the plasma membrane of a nerve fiber. In the peripheral nervous system, nerve fibers of various diameters and functions (motor and sensory) are bundled together by connective tissue to form nerves.
Noradrenergic neurons project bilaterally (send signals to both sides of the brain) from the locus ceruleus along distinct pathways to many locations, including the cerebral cortex, limbic system, and the spinal cord, forming a neurotransmitter system. Norepinephrine is also released from postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system, to transmit the fight-or-flight response in each tissue respectively. The adrenal medulla can also be counted to such postganglionic nerve cells, although they release norepinephrine into the blood. Norepinephrine system The noradrenergic neurons in the brain form a neurotransmitter system, that, when activated, exerts effects on large areas of the brain. The effects are alertness and arousal, and influences on the reward system.
How do the physical properties of the ears help the brain decode and interpret sounds? Sound travels as osccialtion through some medium. The function of ears is to transmit the sound into electric messages which are sent to the brain which perceives and interprets the sound. Ears consist of three parts the outer ear, middle and inner ears. The outer ear consists of the pinna which collects the sound and transmits it to the ear canal, which amplifies the sound and transmits it to the tympanic membrane, the division between the outer ear and the middle ear.