The Reluctant Fundamentalist - “I Was a Modern-Day Janissary, a Servant of the American Empire.” to Whom Is Changez Loyal in the Novel?

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The Reluctant Fundamentalist “I was a modern-day janissary, a servant of the American Empire.” To whom is Changez loyal in the novel? Loyalty is a concept that is often overlooked. Set in post-September 11 at a time when countries were controlled by a climate of fear, and paranoia ran amok in the streets, author Mohsin Hamid brings to us a tale of patriotism, loyalty and as a result, betrayal. The Reluctant Fundamentalist refers to the protagonist Changez, whose name loosely translates to change. Despite his eagerness and desire to form connections with others, Changez ultimately struggles with the concept of loyalty. As a result of his betrayal of Pakistan, followed by his failed love affair with the “American Empire”, Hamid infers Changez’ inability to maintain his loyalties through his unreliable and flaky narration. Initially when Changez left Pakistan he did not think of it as a betrayal, but rather an opportunity to chase the ‘American Dream’. However following the events of September 11, Changez began to re-examine himself and where his loyalties should lie. Arriving in Manila Changez “expected to find a city like Lahore” but instead discovered that it was significantly more developed than Pakistan. At first he assumed the same attitude of superiority that his colleagues did, attempting to “act and speak…more like an American.” But prompted by the “undisguised hostility” of a Filipino jeepney driver, Changez suddenly realised that he shared a “Third World sensibility” with the driver which was ultimately stronger than whatever similarities he shared with his American colleagues. This realisation caused Changez to suddenly feel “so foreign”, evoking a sense of betrayal to Pakistan. This conflicted sense of identity was mainly fused after the collapse of “New York’s World Trade Centre” when Changez’ initial reaction was “to be remarkably pleased.”

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