Roman Catholicism was a natural ideological threat to Elizabeth’s policies of a national Protestant Church and her belief in the royal supremacy. As a religion which preached loyalty to the Pope and to Rome, it was in obvious conflict with the Elizabethan Settlement which demanded allegiance to England and the Supreme Governor. One of the most ominous traits of Roman Catholicism at the beginning of Elizabeth’s reign was its resilience: Catholicism and Papists had survived throughout the nationalisation of the Church by Henry VIII and more extreme Protestantism under Edward VI. More worryingly for Elizabeth, they had gained strength under Mary I, both socially and politically, that she would have to compete with or undo. In many ways, Elizabeth’s settlement took the via media between the conservative and reformist religious camps, yet the majority of the country was still Catholic.
In England, Charles’s imposition of such means the “placing of altars”, mentioned in Source B, and the prominence of catholics at court also mentioned in B, created underlying discontent. Furthermore, Charles imposition of the beauty of Holiness and the abolishment of the fed fees impropriations in 1633 made puritans extremely fearful of the apparent catholic tendencies of charles. These changes did not create truly vocalised opposition for several years. The case of John Williams and his challenge to the altar policy and the early use of Prynne are evidence, I believe of how vocalised opposition to the religious reforms was of vital importance to the collapse of the Personal rule. The general build in opposition, e.g.
As he was the king, he had thought that he had the power to make the Scots use English prayer books. The scots were so furious that they decided to fight Charles I instead. This also made him unpopular to the scots as well as the people of England. When the scots had defeated him Charles had to pay lots of tax money which he couldn’t afford. So, Charles had to recall parliament, as only tax voted by parliament got rid of the scots.
Historian Geoffrey Elton says that the uprising was religious and associated with Catherine of Aragon. The Pilgrimage, which was planned in advance, wanted to overturn the faction that made Catherine of Aragon’s marriage illegitimate. This can be supported as Lord Darcy and Hussey were involved in the revolt and they were both fans of Catherine. As there was support from the higher members of society and classes were brought together by religion it is fair to say that the Pilgrimage of Grace was caused by religious factors. Although religious factors contribute to the Pilgrimage of Grace there were many other factors that also
Angered men were coming together to protect themselves and what they had left, willing to attack anything perceived as a threat. This caused problems for Henry, especially in regards to the law and there were also rumours of pressure on ordinary people from the Catholic League. In 1594, French Huguenots gathered for their first assembly and continued to have three more. They used these to discuss plans of action for gaining hope for their own future, deciding on demands to make to the King in order to ensure a better future. In order to keep the Huguenots peaceful, Henry knew he would have to settle them in a way that tackled their demands.
Many factors contributed to the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Many internal conditions weakened Rome. According to documents, one thing that led to the decline of Rome was the heavy taxes. Much of the money Rome lost was to strangling taxation that led to many struggles. Another problem was citizens feeling like they did not have a say in politicts what Rome chose to do.
As a result, parishes are having to pay out large amounts of relief to these people and therefore the community suffers as a whole. The source also suggests that the government should be stricter on the paupers who do not work or attempt to support their family. “The government has overturned the ordinary laws of nature.” This quote tells me that the government have decided to use Jeremy Bentham’s idea of utilitarianism and bring happiness to the greatest number of people. As a result of this, the cost of poor relief rocketed, which highly contributed to the demise of the old Poor Law. In some ways Sources 1 and 3 back up the claim in source 2 that the weaknesses of the old Poor Law were largely down to the paupers themselves because both sources represent the paupers in a mainly negative way.
However the outdated tax system and James’s spending habits didn't allow him to do so and from this problems arose, the King would often spend extraordinary amounts of money on many things such as jewellery, the royal wardrobe and gifts for his favourite courtiers, the royal wardrobe alone was said to be £36,000 per annum. As the king could not live off his own means this meant that he would often ask parliament for financial aid however parliament were always hesitant because of such royal expenditure, this obviously caused hostility between both parties and with that problems between the two. Linked to this is the Great contract, an idea proposed by Lord salisbury to possibly solve the financial problems that the King and country had. The contract was composed of terms that supposedly would both benefit the crown and benefit parliament, those were that the crown would give up its feudal rights, that parliament would pay a sum per annum to the crown and that also parliament would pay a lump sum initially. In theory this sounds great however the lump sum would only amount to £200,000 and the crown happened to be in £280,000’s worth of debt at the time, so the
The emergence of Wishart’s protégé John Knox in the pre-reformation years further illustrate the Catholic faith’s need for reform following centuries of hypocrisy, immoral behaviour, abuses of power and nepotism and this is clearly shown by the text from Hamilton. A staunch supporter of the monarch, Archbishop Hamilton saw the predicament facing his Queen on her return with the political and religious forums beginning to incorporate Protestantism and with its influence spreading further through society, he possibly viewed this as an opportunity to get back to basics, to stem the flow and to return his flock to pious deeds under the Catholic strand of Christianity. Another possible reason for this text may lie in the Regency of Mary of Guise and the increasing French influence once again in the Scottish Royal Court coupled with Cardinal Beaton’s overzealous hunting of heretics in the years prior to his murder creating definite anti-French, anti-Catholic feeling
For example, the tax on molasses hurt the colonist’s rum industry, because rum was made from molasses, and so rum became more expensive. The tax also hurt the colonists’ trade with France, Spain and islands in the Caribbean because it made it harder to buy these things. 1764—The Currency Act: This act made it illegal for the colonists to use paper money. This made it hard on the colonists because there was a shortage of money in the colonies. The colonists started to create a paper money system to help the economy, but Britain outlawed this.