The Peppered Moth

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Peppered Moth: An Activity on Evolution and Natural Selection Objective: The purpose of the peppered moth activity is to model the effects of natural selection on the appearance of a population. The students will simulate changes in moth population due to pollution and predation, and observe how species can change over time. Introduction: The case of the peppered moth (Biston betularia) is a classic example of evolution through natural selection. Prior to the industrial revolution in England (pre-1740), the peppered moth was found almost entirely in its light form (light body colored with black spots). The moths would spend daylight hours on trees covered by a light colored lichen, their light colors giving them almost perfect camouflage…show more content…
Since then, tons of soot have been deposited on the country side around industrial areas. The soot discolored and generally darkened the surfaces of trees and rocks. By 1819, the proportion of dark moths in the population had increased significantly. Researchers found that the light-colored lichens covering the trees were being killed by sulfur dioxide emissions from the new coal burning mills and factories built during the industrial revolution. Without the light colored background of the trees to protect them from the predatory birds, the light colored moths were more visible and lost their selective advantage to the dark colored moths. Today, in some areas, 90% or more of the-peppered moths are dark in color. More than 70 species of moth in England have undergone a change from light to dark. Similar observations have been made in other industrial nations, including the United States.…show more content…
Data Table | |Percent Dark Moths |Percent Light Moths | |Lichen Forest | | | |Sooty Forest | | | 2. Explain how the color of moths increases or decreases their chances of survival depending on the environment. - In high polluted areas, darker moths were better camouflaged and less like to be eaten by birds. Under less-polluted conditions, the light-colored moths prevailed for similar reasons. It means, in a polluted area, the darker moths cannot be seen by birds less likely to be eaten. 3. 500 light colored moths and 500 dark colored moths are released into a polluted forest. After 2 days the moths were recaptured, using your data, make a prediction about the number of each type of moth that would be captured. - The dark colored moths will adapt easier in the polluted forest than the light colored ones, after two days, we will notice a massive drop in the number of light colored moths due to predators the number that would be captured might be 10 dark colored vs 1 light colored

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