The below BIA created Blood Quantum calculation chart is used by the BIA to calculate a person’s degree of Indian blood, issuance of a BIA certified CDIB (Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood). Also, may be used by various Indian Tribal governments for enrollment into that Tribe. 'The BIA sets no minimum blood quantum requirement for acknowledgment purposes, but does require descent from a historic tribe. If your group decides to establish a blood quantum requirement for membership, that is your own decision. However, it is not required by the acknowledgment regulations."
All these findings provide the evidence of the theory that the Indus Valley Civilization gave a birth to the Hinduism. However, there is a theory that states that the Aryans, which is the Indo-European culture, occupied India and as a result, influenced on the Sanskrit language and the Vedic religion that are foundational to Hinduism. Also, this article states that the ancient people who lived in the Indus Valley are supposed to have a Dravidian language and culture, which eventually became secondary to that of the occupying people. Followers of the “Aryan Invasion” hypothesis claim that there are resemblances between the ancient Iranian religion Zoroastrianism and
(2001). Measuring marital assimilation: Intermarriage among natives and immigrants. Social Science Research, 30, 289 – 312 Rosenfeld, M.J. (2005). A critique of exchange theory in mate selection. American Jourant if Sociology, 110, 1284-1325.
1. RACISM IN THE 21ST CENTURY 2.1. EUROPE Europe is a complex area with many cultures in a relatively small area of land.Throughout history, it has seen many conflicts.Today, the effect of neo-Nazism is still felt.For example,ethnic minorities and different cultures in one country can often be accused for something they haven't done, especially during times of economic crisis.Also, racism, violence and neo-nationalism have become normal in some communities.In italy, there are problems with the rise of undocumented immigrants from Tunisia.Also,there was a wave of violence against African farm workers in southern Italy which left approximately 70 people injured and 300 workers evacuated by the police.Then, there is Spain which has seen increased racial violence.It's growing economy invites immigrants from North African countries such as Morocco.However, the poor conditions that immigrants have had to endure and the already racially charged region has led to confrontations.United Kingdom has one of the highest levels of racially-motivated violence and harrasment in Western Europe, as stated by the Human Rights Watch in 1997.In April,1999. a Nazi group claimed responsibility for a two bomb explosion in an ethnic minority region in the UK.Furthermore, the summer of 2001 had many race-related riots in various parts of Northern England.Anti immigration sentiment has also been seen in Switzerland as the country has repeatedly tightened its asylum policy due to concerns about increasing numbers of illegal migrants.One of the worst records for racism, according to BBC, has Greece.In that country, Albanians have been especially targeted by a lot of racist sentiment.Some of them have even been taken hostage, which hasn't exactly helped the situation.Another European country that has seen violent anti-racism on the rise in recent years together with the rise of
Hindu and Hinduism are terms that can be difficult to define not only accurately but also universally. These terms can define one’s religious beliefs, one’s place within the caste system, one’s language or one’s region within India. According to the 2001 census, India’s population has reached over one billion and of those counted, Hindus make up over 80% (Narayanan, 2003). The Hindu belief system can be as simple or complex, as its follower chooses to make it because Hinduism itself is very diverse in its components. Hindus believe that their belief system has existed forever and many aspects within their belief system are cyclic in character instead of possessing a beginning, middle and an end, as is common among other belief systems.
Aboriginal Canadians have, over the years, become victim to a tremendous amount of discrimination by the Canadian government. The Indian Act of 1867, which signifies one of the earliest forms of discrimination, took away a significant amount of power from the hands of Aboriginals. Aboriginals living within Canada have also suffered as a result of poor living conditions and extreme poverty. Although poverty is a national issue, it is especially prevent among the Aboriginal community. The White Paper of 1969, which attempted to assimilate Aboriginals into Canadian culture, is considered to be one of the most severe forms of discrimination directed towards this group.
With the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate, Islam spread across large parts of the subcontinent. In 1204, Bakhtiar Khilji led the Muslim conquest of Bengal, marking the eastern-most expansion of Islam at the time. So nowadays, many Hindus still think Islam is an invader’s religion. What’s more, after the Muslim conquest, British occupied India from 1858 to 1947. Then, a significant historical event called “Partition of India”happened on August 15, 1947.
The hate crime can be brutal such as lynchings. People will join groups because of all the anger they have build up on the inside, this makes them feel inferior. Hate crimes are crimes committed against a particular race and ethnic group. Victims are beleaguered because of their race and
Shiva and Vishnu were the most favored deities in Khmer-style Hinduism (Duiker 244). That still begs the question however how did Hinduism reach the Khmer empire in the first place? Hinduism’s origins within this area can be traced back to the previous kingdoms of Funan and Chen-La. These kingdoms are thought to be the first to rise after Indian traders reached this region of Southeast Asia (). It is even thought that the people of these kingdoms may have been comprised of Indians who stayed in the area to create trading posts.
After Herodotus, Roman geographer Claudius Ptolemy also mentioned Udins in his works; however, the most elaborate depiction of the Udi people is present in Musa Kalankatulu’s “Albanian History” (KP, 2016a). He was Udin by himself and lived in the 7th century. These indigenous people firmly believe that Nij area, now located in Gabala, Azerbaijan, is the place they were born from the very existence of this culture and ethnic group; therefore, their strong bones with their motherland may explain the reason why Udins stayed in Nij during the times of religious oppression by Arabic Islamic