He believed black people during the post-reconstruction era should be recognize through their education, crafts, and industrial skills, while still living a traditional lifestyle of being segregated. On the other hand, we have another author, W.E.B Dubois; he was born just a couple of years after Mr. Washington. He is known for being a sociological investigator toward African Americans. Dubois believed that blacks should be equal to other races. In 1903, he published his famous book “ The Soul of Black Folk” in this book he mainly target Mr. Washington position.
Hughes expresses how black people represent a key part of America’s formation. He argues that Black people are just as deserving as whites to call themselves American. DuBois writes how the blacks as a people have made an impact in the world, giving reference to the great pyramids of Egypt. Both of these writers discuss how blacks are deserving of recognition as a vital part of America’s success. The poem “I Too” shows the blacks as a whole as being a neglected “brother” in a family.
‘Making of a Negro Ghetto’ Review Black Chicago: The Making of a Negro Ghetto is book written by Allan H. Spear in 1967. The specific chapter, “The Making of a Negro Ghetto” specifically addresses the topic of the growth of a ‘black belt’ in Chicago where most African Americans lived in the early 1900’s. The chapter tries to explain how these African Americans came to live in this area. This chapter also tries to compare the experience of the African American in Chicago to the experience of whites in the same city. Spear tells of how the Negro population increased dramatically on the eve of and after World War 1, although it was mostly through African Americans moving north from states such as Kentucky and Missouri.
Major focus of this work was on social inequality, the declining middle class, the relationship between individuals and society, and the importance of an historical perspective as a key part of sociological thinking. The sociological imagination was one of his most influential and famous work. He is also the author of many important books such as; White Collar, the Power Elite, and Sociological Imagination. Finally he worked as a professor at Columbia University from 1946 until his death in 1962 from a heart
The words of Locke echo the words of Hubert Harrison who initiated the New Negro Movement in 1917 that advocated for political equality in America. Both activists seem to take up the role of midwife to partake in the birth of a new African American Race that is
The Black Panthers Obviously, one should admit that the issue of Afro-American’s civil rights and their appropriate participation in the social life has been rather sensitive for the USA during almost two centuries. So called Black Nationalism consists of numerous organizations, institutions, and protest activities. The early expressions of Black Nationalism claimed the liberation for the black-skinned population from racial oppression. Generally, this movement can be divided into four large groups: Educational Nationalism, Religious Nationalism, Cultural Nationalism, and Revolutionary Nationalism. The Black Panthers Party is the most active part of Revolutionary Nationalism.
Coretta Scott King had a major influence over Martin Luther King, and had a huge say in the decisions made by the Civil Rights Movement in moving towards democracy. As well as Betty Shabazz who also established a distinguished career in American activism, who to a great extent played just as much of a pivotal role in achieving change and equality for black people during the Civil Rights struggle of the 1960s as she played a major role in organizing the breakfast program for African Americans living in the ghettos in the South and providing decent housing and
Maya Thomas Black Power Movement Black Power: Politics of Liberation Kwame Ture and Charles Hamilton began their book, Black Power: Politics of Liberation, with their first contention, that overt and institutionalized racism is rooted in colonialism. Unlike European colonization, here the colonized individuals were imported to these shores. Once emancipated, black people, continue to be colonialized through the manipulation of politics. They go on to elaborate how whites continue to use politics to institutionalize racism in education, voting, housing, jobs and other areas of life. They take the reader through pivotal moments in the South and North to enumerate the chain of events that lead to the achievements and failures of the African-Americans in society.
In the 1920s, a movement known as Pan-Africanism began to nourish the nationalist spirit and strengthen resistance. Pan-Africanism is a movement that seeks to unify African people or people living in Africa, into a "one African community". Differing types of Pan-Africanism seek different levels of economic, racial, social, or political unity. Pan-Africanism as an ethical system traces its origins from ancient times, and promotes values that are the product of the African civilization and the struggles against slavery, racism, colonialism, and neo-colonialism. Pan-Africanism can be seen as a product of the European slave trade.
The Harlem Renaissance is described as “an African American cultural movement of the 1920s and early 1930s that was centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City.” (The Harlem Renaissance 1). It was a time of African American creativity in literature, music, dance, and art. The era is also known as the New Negro Movement or the Negro Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance arose toward the end of World War I and faded once the Great Depression hit. In this time period, African Americans had the chance to fully express themselves through various forms of art.