The Great Rhetra and the Speculation Behind When It First Came Into Existence

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The Great Rhetra and the speculation behind when it first came into existence When examining the Great Rhetra to ascertain what it is and when it first came into existence, the issue we face as historians and scholars is determining whom we should believe in terms of both modern and ancient scholars. Determining what the Great Rhetra was and what its purpose was is fairly straightforward; however, the same cannot be said for determining its exact origin. Due to the conflicting accounts from ancient scholars, modern historians are left to decipher when they believe the Great Rhetra truly came into existence. Through the examination of ancient scholars and primary evidence, modern scholars are able to shed greater light on this document and aid in our examination of what the Great Rhetra is, and what the origins of this document were. In studying the Great Rhetra and when it came into existence, we must first understand what it was and look at who created it. According to Mary Fragkaki (2015), the Great Rhetra of Sparta is the first legislative and constitutional document of the archaic period (p.35). We know from Plutarch’s Lycurgus that the Great Rhetra is believed to be a Delphic directive given to Lycurgus and aims to define and regulate the concepts of the demos, Gerousia and the assembly of citizens (omoioi) of the Spartan polis (Plut. Lycurgus. 6.1). It is believed that there are two separate sections of the Great Rhetra, with the second being added at a later date (Koiv, 2000, p.233 ). This second section is known as the ‘Rider’. The Rider is believed to have been added by the Spartan Kings Theopompus and Polydorus so as to give greater power to the elders and the Kings of Sparta. It states that the elders or Kings have the power to dismiss the assembly if “the people speak (or choose) crookedly” (Koiv, 2000, p.233). It is believed that this was not a
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