A young pastor – Martin Luther King Jr, organized the campaign. A string of African American arrests led to national publicity and Bus Boycotting beginning in other cities. In December 1956 the Supreme Court ruled that segregated buses were illegal. This achievement helped Martin Luther King become a national focus for African American action. In September 1957 9 African American students won the right to enrol at Little Rock Central High school.
The U.S Supreme Court ultimately ordered Montgomery to integrate its bus system. As of 21st December 1956, black people rode the bus again. However, the ruling was unpopular with many white people in Montgomery and elsewhere. One of the leaders of the boycott, a young pastor named Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968), emerged as a prominent leader of the American civil rights movement in the wake of the action. Using the Law In 1947, President Truman told the Committee on Civil Rights that it was time to make sure civil rights laws were enforced.
The posse rounded up every young black male and nine were taken to the jail in Scottsboro. These nine boys, aged twelve to twenty. These boys’ names were Olen Montgomery, Clarence Norris, Haywood Patterson, Ozie Powell, Willie Roberson, Charles Weems, Eugene Williams, Andrew Wright, and Leroy Wright. They became known as “The Scottsboro Boys”. Two white women also told the posse that they had been raped by the young black men.
In Birmingham, Alabama, desegregation was being violently resisted by the white population. The city was dubbed ‘Bombingham’, due to the frequency of attacks on black homes and activists. Imprisoned and held in solitary confinement after defying an injunction against the protests, Martin Luther King wrote his ‘Letter from Birmingham Jail’. In response to criticism from local white clergymen, he set out his reasons for action in Birmingham and elsewhere. After his
I believe the Montgomery bus boycott was the most important event in the 1950s -1960s in changing the civil rights for African-Americans, because this event gained internationally attention. On the 1st of December 1955 a white man requested for Rosa Parks’ seat however she refused as it seemed unreasonable. Leading her to be arrested, this act was very important because it went against the Jim Crow which was created to force segregation in public school systems, kept many African-Americans from moving out of segregated neighbourhoods and often made it difficult for African-Americans to vote. Overall it was very unfair to the black community, as a result the black community in Alabama started a non-violent boycott of the buses, leaving buses only half full this had a major financial impact on bus companies as it was the black community who used buses the most and the event was lead by Martin Luther King. This event was important because it gained international attention which put pressure on the different structures of the American government to make changes, and finally in 1965 the Supreme Court ruled that segregation on buses was illegal.
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was an event that signaled the beginning of the non-violent civil disobedience movement led by a new leader – Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King. The causes of the boycott were rooted in Jim Crow laws that operated in the Southern states. The National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People had gained prominence and national success in the Brown versus Board of Education case in the previous year. But the final spark was Rosa Parks’s refusal to give her seat up to some whites and her subsequent arrest in 1955 that led to the creation of the Montgomery Improvement Association led by Martin Luther King Jr to sustain the boycott. The Black community, the bus company, the Montgomery Council, the actions of the NAACP in the Supreme Court and the Civil Rights Movement itself were all significantly affected by this event.
This was the largest public demonstration at this point. Demanded the passage of a national civil rights bill to ban discrimination in all public spaces. Even with all this support, the entire black community did not stand for nonviolence Black Separatism Rejected integration, preached pride in AA Malcolm X. Black Panthers formed by college students in Oakland, Ca. A militant self-defense organization, objective was to “police the police”.
This letter requested that the City of Montgomery desegregate the local bus system. Ms. Robinson stressed the fact that the black community would no longer tolerate second class treatment on the city’s buses. What she did not mention to Mayor Gayle was a growing sentiment within the WPC for a truly radical ultimatum to resolve to the problem of segregation. This meant that if the mayor did not integrate the city bus lines, the black community would prepare to put the company out of business and establish a transportation system of their own (Kinshasa, 2006). Community leaders were preparing for a bus boycott
African American Struggles in the 1900s African Americans were faced with an insurmountable number of struggles and obstacles during the 1900s time period. Segregation: * Jackie Robinson is singed to the Brooklyn Dodgers, breaking the Major League Baseball’s color barrier in 1947. * Rosa Parks was arrested in Montgomery, December I, 1955, for not giving up her seat on the bus, for a white man, in the front of the ‘Colored Section’. In retaliation the community boycotted all public city transportation, such as buses, for one year. The buses were finally desegregated December 21, 1956.
Black men are 8 times more likely to be put in prison then White men. When it comes to death sentences, 74% of them are given to Black men. Another thing I found when looking for information for this hub was horrible. I found studies that were done about African Americans. Since there have been several studies, this hub is only going to focus on one of them.