Mao criticised Khrushchev for his policies such as de-Stalinisation and his secret speech. He was also very critical of the policy of Peaceful Coexistence as he believed it was a way of being friendly with the United States (the enemy) and also Mao saw it abandoning millions of comrades struggling to free themselves of capitalist and imperialist oppression. This, therefore, made the USSR an ‘enemy’. How could two countries work together if they had such differing beliefs about how to run their countries? This problem had a big contribution to the split as they couldn’t agree on anything, and if they did, it was because their national interests were at risk.
Do you agree with the view that Henry VIII’s foreign policy in the years 1514-25 failed because he lacked the resources to fulfil his aims? Source 4 indicates it was the ‘unscrupulous’ allies that led to the failure of Henry’s foreign policy and source 5 demonstrates how the real European power plays were beyond Henry’s sphere influence. Thus, it insinuates he could’ve never fulfilled his diplomatic aims for the European powers were too prevailing for him to manipulate. Source 6 suggests it was his lack of resources that stopped him from succeeding. The truth lies most evidently in source 6, for the context of Henry’s reign gives an insight into these situations being rooted in Henry’s menial resources.
Although, she does admit even she was shocked when listening to the speech, as she explains “the line was not believable”. From this I can conclude that source one doesn’t wholly hold Churchill responsible for the 1945 election defeat, however the reliability of the source is questionable as it is bias towards the conservative party. Source two, an extract from Lord Butler’s memoirs, clearly shows opposition to not only Churchill but also the conservative party, Lord Butler for example describes Churchill’s speech as a “negative attack on the labour party” and believed that he should have instead focused on “post-war policies”. By describing Churchill’s use of the word “Gestapo” as a “strategic blunder” shows that Butler is blaming Churchill in having played a role in the defeat of the 1945 election. Although both members of the conservative party, Butler and Churchill were political enemies, this is evident when looking at the extract: “a poor third place to the concentrated exploitation of Churchill’s personality” – this is a personal attack on Churchill’s actions.
Rachel Kay How accurate is it to say Frederick William IV was responsible for the failure of the Frankfurt Parliament? The Frankfurt Parliament was established to create freedom of press, German citizenship for all, fair taxation, equality of political rights and to create a unified Germany. However, countries like Austria greatly opposed it. Frederick William IV could be seen as responsible for the failure of the Frankfurt Parliament because he refused to accept any form of leadership and made it clear he distrusted the ‘gentlemen of Frankfurt’. However, many other factors played a role in the demise of the Parliament such as the fact that they were ill-organised, the lack of popular support and their inability to enforce decisions.
Hitler got away with this because Britain had sympathy for Germany and in 1935 signed a naval agreement with them. France was angry that Germany was re-army but there was little they could do as most countries were doing the same, especially after the disappointment of the Disarmament conference.. The failure of the League of Nations in the 1930s also contributed towards the outbreak of war. It was powerless throughout the 1920s as it was more interested in trying to keep good relations with the other countries so it would have allies against Hitler if he ever attacked. The League also didn’t work because America didn’t join and it was the American President Woodrow Wilson who created it and it would never have worked unless all the nations were allowed to join.
The government could not control all these invasions, so this was another component that helped the fall of the Roman Empire. Document 5 shows bias because it blames the fall of the civilization on internal decay. This is significant because if a very well organized government that had been able to keep order throughout such a large empire could no longer do it, then this meant nobody else could. All of these political
Section IV - International Studies in Peace and Conflict To what extent can it be argued that by the 1960s, Diem’s rule of South Vietnam had been successful?? By the 1960s Diem’s rule of South Vietnam was not successful. His policies were deeply unpopular, his regime was corrupt and based on a system of brutality, and nearly every sector of society opposed him. However, Diem was clearly successful in consolidating his rule and providing early stability to the regime when he first came to power in 1954. Ultimately, Diem was a failure as his rule determined that either Vietnam would become communist or face another war.
The most important reason why Lloyd George fell from power in 1922 was due to his unstable political position. In the years 1918-1922 Lloyd George was still riding on the high of his wartime his wartime success and was leading the country by his reputation, not his current state of leadership. In truth, the Conservative Coalition government had gained a declining reputation and its leader had been described as a ‘tired’ individual who was ‘past his best’. As the media continued to express distaste for Lloyd George, the Conservatives grew equally anxious about their reputation and, we must not forget that they had the power to remove the Prime Minister from power when they saw fit. The fact that Lloyd George’s power rested on his political enemies made it very difficult to employ social and economic reforms as he would require the backing of the Conservatives.
The consequences of the cold war and the emergence of the two super powers also made civil rights movement make little progress- the USA and USSR who were a threat to one another so because of such conflicts between the two there was regression of the civil rights movement. There were no well-known leaders in 1950-54 who were motivated and willing to make change and make civil rights movement’s progress. However after the Second World War people began to realise that a transformation was necessary so civil rights movement began to progress then onwards. Inspirational leaders including Truman Martin Luther King and Thurgood Marshall saw the incident of Rosa Parks and realised so Truman desegregated armed forces and improved aspects of life for the African Americans. The help of the NAACP also helped civil rights to progress because the group wanted to fight for the rights for African Americans.
The British people therefore began to question whether or not the war had all been worth it. Furthermore, the fact that pro-Boer meetings were highly attended, is evidence of the fact that Imperialism lost prestige because of the war. In other words, the British people found the war morally wrong. At the pro-Boer meeting in Birmingham in 1901, leaded by the Liberal Lloyd George, Lloyd George claimed that it was not worth spending a huge amount of money and soldiers to