Name Date CHAPTER 4 Summary CHAPTERS IN BRIEF The Atlantic World, 1492–1800 CHAPTER OVERVIEW Starting in 1492, the Spanish built a large empire in the Americas, but the native peoples suffered. In North America, the Dutch, French, and English fought for control. England finally won. The labor of enslaved persons brought from Africa supported the American colonies. The contact between the Old World and the New produced an exchange of new ideas.
Slaves in Africa and the Ottoman Empire were a part of society and had a chance to promote. However, slaves in the New World had been bought and enslaves for life. In spite of the negative impact if the salve trade, most of Africa remained independent and continued to develop under it owns political and cultural institutions until the 19th centuries. Millions of slaves died of asphyxiation, thirst, and disease during the long Atlantic crossing. They were packed into ships for the long journey to the Americas that are crowded and below
Max Bruckner History 203 Makimura Book Review #2 The Two Princes of Calabar: An Eighteenth Century Atlantic Odyssey by Randy Sparks The largest forced migration in human history, the African Slave Trade, has left little documentation records for historians to work from. Given the long lasting historical repercussions of the estimated eleven million African captives forced to cross the Atlantic from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century, we know amazingly little about the individual experiences of the horrific middle passage. Randy Sparks’s book corrects this silence. It tells the remarkable story of two African princes enslaved at Old Calabar in the Bight of Biafra, taken first to the Caribbean and then shipped to Virginia. They then escaped to England where they sued for their freedom, and finally made their way back to Old Calabar.
In chapter 17, Prelude to the European conquest of Africa, British abolitionists create a colony called Freetown were freed African slaves settled. It was a safe haven for freed slaves. This was sort of a shift from what Europeans originally used Africa for, which was the trading of slaves and gold. Everything Europeans needed was accessible on the Western coast of Africa, resulting in the interior to rarely be ventured. One man who argued that slavery was inefficient was Scottish philosopher Adam Smith.
The slave trade impacted Africa’s population, turning it into half of what it was expected to be in 1850. Organization of the Trade: 1. Triangle trade is a trade network in which slaves from Africa were carried to the Americas, sugar, tobacco, and other goods were carried from the Americas to Europe, and European products were sent to the coast of Africa to trade for the slaves and start the whole network. African Societies, Slavery, and the Slave Trade 1. Europeans made slave trade acceptable by saying that is was already practiced in the continent and they were not the first.
So in 1482 the Portuguese built a built a fort at Elmina [the mine] to protect their trade and they then spread across the Gold Coast. The Portuguese enjoyed a monopoly for nearly 100 years. Europeans are attracted. English, Dutch, Sweedes and Danes all wanted to share opportunities offered. African Solution: indigenous slavery.
Europe quickly became the dominant region over the economic aspects of the Columbian Exchange, however their social influence in the Americas and Africa developed slower during the time period of 1492 to 1750. In the mid-fifteenth century, European interest in Africa expanded from goods to incorporate slaves. Europeans began to take over African civilizations and keep natives as their slaves. This was not a new practice to keep war captives as slaves. However the Europeans began to export these African slaves across the globe to established colonies in both North and South America for the first time.
The objective of the second portfolio piece is for you to provide a 450- Slavery was a central feature of the early modern Atlantic World. In his article, ‘The Cultural Implications of the Atlantic Slave Trade’, Philip D. Morgan explores the ways in which the forced migration of people from Africa led to the creation of mixed, heterogeneous cultures within the Americas. 550 word summary of Morgan’s argument. Philip Morgan’s analysis of the slave trade attempts to scrutinise the effect of the slave trade not exclusively on the countries to which the slaves were sent, but rather the sub-societies which the slaves were within, and exactly how heterogeneous or homogeneous they actually were with their forcibly adopted nations. The examination does not broadly exam all slaves or countries as one entity, instead studying each individual one in order to see the complexity of the transatlantic slave trade, and therefore a fully accurate broad conclusion may not be reached.
The Middle Passage The middle passage was when African Americans were forced to go from the West Coast of Africa to the Caribbean’s where they were marketed, and sold for profit to the plantations owners. This journey was listed as the “Middle Passage” because it was considered the middle leg of the trading triangles, and this was constructed in the early stages of the colonial period. The Middle Passage started from even before 1619 an it was the arrival of the very first African slaves in British Northern America. However, as it developed it was initially amongst Portuguese and the West African mariners in the latter part of the fifteenth century. The Africans were taken or for better word use they were kidnapped by the Europeans and, by other Africans mostly for trading spoils of
What explains North Africa’s relative isolation prior to the arrival of Islam? 4. Was there a single Islamic world, or regions? 5. How did the trans-Saharan trade impact the African slave market?