Terrorism can be defined as, ‘The unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.’ (FBI). Strategic Warfare can be defined by breaking it into two parts. Merriam-Webster defines Strategic as, ‘A plan of action or policy designed to achieve a major or overall aim.’ and warfare as ‘Engagement in or the activities involved in war or conflict’. Thus in essence strategic warfare is planned actions during a conflict with the aim of victory, but in context Strategic Warfare is the use of attacks, whether it be on military or civilian targets, with the aim to push the enemy into surrender. Using a variety of tactics, such as, demoralization of enemy population (Nazi Blitz of London WWII) and, embargo and seizure of materials entering a nation (British policy on goods travelling to Germany during WWI), militaries have changed the parameters and rules of war to those of a ‘Strategic’ nature.
Five forms of terrorism are state terrorism, religious terrorism, issue orientated terrorism, narco- terrorism, and right wing terrorism. Every type of terrorism confines with the perspective of intimidation by an individual or group to get attention enact political change or have authority over political power. The French Monarch in 1793 was undoing and loss power which lead to the revolutionary dictatorship. After the revolutionary dictatorship came into action, anyone who was opposed of the new enrollment were to be killed Furthermore, during the twentieth centuries states started to use violence amongst their own people. Which configures to be state terrorism.
Despite this issue, DLG and the British Government set in place a range of Acts and treaty’s in order to successfully resolve this issue. It may however be argued that they made the situation worse by partitioning Ireland, splitting it into the Unionists in the North and the Republicans in the South. David Lloyd George decided to tackle this problem with a strategy revolving around repression and reform. He decided to send in a group called the ‘Black and Tans’. These were army and police men and were sent to fight the IRA and reduce the chances of the civilians of Ireland retaliating.
Richard Evans in “the Coming of the Third Reich” argues that WWI had sanctioned the use of violence for political gain, leading to the formation of paramilitary groups that further undermined the effectiveness of the democracy. However the TOV ultimately worsened the situation, having major economic, social and political effects on
Though in the attempts to obtain security, the people of the United States are giving up their freedoms and others are having those same freedoms taken away from them. The pursuit of stopping terrorism has taken precedence over an individuals civil rights. Surveillance has increased in attempts to catch terrorists. Under the USA Patriot Act which is the "Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism," police agencies are given the authority to conduct Internet and expanded telephone surveillance, as well as loosen the restrictions placed on the C.I.A in the 1970's to engage in domestic surveillance. The Patriot act presents a broadened definition of terrorism, and provides some level of detention of suspected terrorists as
Stoessinger states that humans make the choice to go to war based on fears. He admits that people were not, and are not, evil, but simply overwhelmed by destructive thoughts, and eventually become trapped in their own selfish delusions of how they personally wanted the world to be. To sum up Stoessinger’s basic theory, war is created and initiated, by fear. The start of World War I, in Stoessinger’s opinion, was when the German Kaiser wrote a blank check to Austria to help Austria attack Serbia. The reason Austria wanted to strike at Serbia is a result of Serbia assassinating Austrian crowned Prince Franz
Looking at repression, the problems they dealt with and how they solved them: the terrorist attacks and harsh punishments, reform groups and the black hundreds and finally the revolutionary ideas and closing of newspapers and trade unions. Then I will consider the reforms: poor, unhappy peasants and the abolishment of redemption payments and freeing of communes, underproductive agriculture and ‘The Peasant Land Bank’ and lastly the effect of the Duma. Overall I think that both the repressions and reforms had equal impact in stabilising Russia, but are also dependant on each other. Firstly, Repression, Russia had a terrorist problem during and following the 1905 revolution. In 1907, 1,200 government officials were murdered in political terrorist attacks by revolutionaries.
A tough federal response smothered Klan terror in a wave of prosecutions. Martial law and the suspension of habeas corpus were necessary to remove the threat from South Carolina. In 1915 the Hollywood spectacular Birth of a Nation reframed historical events to give credence to the Klan’s conspiratorial interpretation.38 As the economic order changed, different visions of the future battled for power. Conspiracy was a prominent theme in the competition. Capitalists denounced radicals for scheming to overthrow the government and cited as proof events like the 1886 Haymarket Square bombing that left seven policemen dead.
The IRA split into two factions in 1969, one calling for the same objective but without terrorism, using politics as their weapon. The other faction known as the “provisional” IRA instead began escalating terrorist attacks; some believe this is the initial creation of the IRA which exists today. Irish Republican Army 3 IRA/Al-Qaeda The IRA shares similarities with other terrorist organizations like the radical Muslim terrorist organization Al-Qaeda. Where Al-Qaeda’s mission is essentially to rid the world of those who are not of the same beliefs, certain factions of the IRA would stop at nothing to rid the world of those who would hinder their objective. Al-Qaeda would eventually use tactics used by the IRA decades before.
Abstract: This research aims to identify causes of terrorism that are consistent across several divergent movements at the macro-systematic level. By identifying root causes that can explain terrorism, and their flow, regardless of differing backgrounds, this research attempts to outline methods by which policy can be crafted that aid in the identification of potential terrorism as well as the reduction of the threat of terrorist movement generation. This piece was completed through the qualitative analysis of case studies of several terrorist organizations as well as general research literature germane to the topic. The research has revealed that, despite different time periods, cultures, and ideologies, the precipitation of terrorism requires a society spanning problem necessitating rectification which leads to the revelation that the political system in place is inadequate to fulfill this demand which ultimately leads to people adhering to radical ideologies to enact the change they wish to see. Also, it is found that ideologies only come into play once longstanding grievances have been established.