In sickle cell anemia, the abnormal haemoglobin (Haemoglobin-S) sticks together when it gives up its oxygen to the tissues. These clumps cause red blood cells to become stiff and shaped like a sickle. It takes two copies of the sickle cell gene for the body to make the abnormal haemoglobin found in sickle cell anemia. Sickle-cell anemia is caused by a point mutation in the ß-globin chain of haemoglobin, replacing the amino acid glutamic
Chronic pain is very draining and can limit many activities. Almost every patient with Sickle cell has a painful crises. Some patients have them once a year where others have them 15 or more times a year. The most common places these crises occur are in the bones, abdomen, lungs, and joints blocking blood flow and organ
Jaundice occurs because the rapid breakdown of abnormal red blood cells leads to a build up of a waste product in the body called bilirubin.The build up of bilirubin often leads to the formation of small crystal ducts called gallstones. Most gallstones do not cause symptoms but occasionally they can block the bile duct which drains bile from the liver into the bowel. This can trigger jaundice. Leg ulcer A leg ulcer can be painful it’s an open sore that develops on the lower leg, usually close to the ankle. Leg ulcers often develop after a skin infection or injury, such as a cut or puncture wound.
Being a degenerative disease Alzheimers attacks the brain through exponentially greater cell death and tissue loss which results in decreased brain size and brain activity. Because of this behavior, memory and the normal thinking processes are affected.
When MRSA infects skin, a swollen, red area develops, and it is usually painful. MRSA skin infections may develop pus or weep other fluids. If left untreated, a MRSA skin infection can go progressively deeper into the body, infecting blood and organs. Symptoms of MRSA infection can include chills, cough, chest pain, fever, fatigue, muscle aches, rashes, shortness of breath and a general feeling of malaise. The worst and final symptom of progressed MRSA infection is death Read more: http://www.foxnews.com/health/2012/05/08/mrsa-antibiotic-resistant-bug-that-has-health-officials-worried/#ixzz2UnSQcGzS When MRSA infects skin, a swollen, red area develops, and it is usually painful.
Aspirin is usually contraindicated for children. Some studies even show that a genetic metabolic defect triggers Reyes Syndrome. The liver cell pathology causes an accumulation of ammonia in the blood. The sudden onset of effortless vomiting and altered level of consciousness, seizures and coma are all characteristics of Reyes Syndrome.
Genetic Disease Decision Contemporary Nursing Issues April 21, 2012 Tay-Sachs disease is a rare neurological disorder that progressively destroys nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. Signs and symptoms of Tay-Sachs become apparent during infancy, the infant may appear to be developing normal, about three to six months old the infant begins to show common symptoms slowing development, weakening muscles, and loss of motor skills. As the disease progresses the infant may develop increased startle reflex, loss of hearing and vision, inability to swallow, and paralysis. The infant also develops an eye abnormality called cherry-red spots discovered during eye examination and is a characteristic of Tay-Sachs disease.” Children with
Tay-Sachs Disease “A genetic disorder is a disease that is caused by an abnormality in an individual's DNA. Abnormalities can range from a small mutation in a single gene to the addition or subtraction of an entire chromosome or set of chromosomes” (Genetic). One genetic disorder is Tay-Sac Disease which is caused by a genetic defect that is passed from parent to child. Tay-Sachs disease is a autosomal recessive disease characterized by an abnormal accumulation of certain fat compounds in the spinal cord and brain. Inheritance of Tay-Sachs Children can get this disease if both parents are carrier of Tay-Sachs than the baby can inherit the disease from each of them.
Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA) Introduction Sickle cell Anaemia also known as Haemoglobin SS disease, is a lifelong inherited blood disorder condition in which an individual has an abnormal type of haemoglobin ; the haemoglobin is responsible of oxygen – carrying in the red blood cells; normal red blood cells are round and elastic to facilitate their move through the blood vessels; a situation can occur when the erythrocytes of some individuals get the capacity to undergo different changes in shape, in response to changes in the partial pressure of oxygen and lose their elasticity. When the level of oxygen is lowered, these red blood cells change their form from the normal biconcave disk to Crescent, to holy Wreath and other form; this process
Any individual diagnosed with sickle-cell anemia can be treated. Those who have been diagnosed with this disease are mainly kept close under the care of a doctor, especially children of small ages. These patients are prescribed medication to take on a daily basis. Some are given folic acid and others are prescribed penicillin because of an immature immune system, this makes them more at risk for childhood illnesses (Robin E. Miller, Nov.2008). The medications prescribed do not cure the disease but it keeps a person from getting sick.