Scarcity In Ethiopia

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In Ethiopia, the biomass energy accounts for about 90 percent of the total energy consumption of the country (ARSMERDPA, 2005). According to FAO (2010), there is acute biomass scarcity in areas where available supplies of fuel wood are insufficient to meet the minimum requirements. According to César and Ekbom (2013), between 2010 and 2030 the annual fuel wood consumption will rise by 65% in Ethiopia with large effects on forest degradation. Empirical researches in improved cookstoves show that each year 10 million hectares of forest has been cleared for fuel wood gathering in the developing countries like Ethiopia. Thus, fuel wood scarcity and increasing firewood cost become a common phenomenon. Crop residue and animal dung are the substitute…show more content…
The household sector shares about 90 % of total energy consumption (NCCSPE, 2011; ESMAP, 1996). Biomass fuel demand increases by 2.5% annually during the last two decades and the annual consumption of wood is much more than the yield in Ethiopia (Mekonnen, 2000). It is estimated that the demand for fuel wood in Ethiopia is five to six times the sustainable supply (ARSMERDPA, 2005). Further, indicates that only 43% of the total population has access to electricity. Of those having access to electricity as energy sources, only 2% people are rural, while the rest 86% are urban…show more content…
In order to improve households’ energy efficiency in rural Ethiopia, the Ethiopian Energy Studies and Research Center (EESRC) together with different NGOs had developed different improved cookstoves. The Government of Ethiopia had planned in its GTP1 to disseminate 9 million improved household biomass stoves and 10,000 institutional improved stoves to the rural and urban parts of the country so as to achieve the MDG goal regarding energy consumption (ARSMERDPA, 2005). However, 545,881 improved cookstoves, which is 6.06%, have been manufactured and disseminated (EnDev Ethiopia, 2014). To improve household energy efficiency of ‘Injera’ baking system, the Ethiopian Energy Studies and Research Center (EESRC) has developed an energy efficient cookstove that is called as ‘Mirt’ Injera baking stove (MoWE, 2012). ‘Mirt’ stove has potential for reduction of fuel wood consumption by 50% compared to the traditional stoves with a thermal efficiency of around 22% (EnDev Ethiopia. 2014). It can reduce hazards of burning and it increases fuel efficiency, while protecting health of women and children (GIZ,
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