Rosa Parks was born Rosa Louise McCauley in the town of Tuskegee on February 4, 1913 (Badertscher) She received a good education despite the discrimination against African Americans in that era. Her mother was a schoolteacher and home-schooled Rosa until she was 11 years old. Rosa then lived with her aunt in Montgomery, attending the Montgomery Industrial School for Girls. She was forced to drop out of Booker T. Washington High School because of her family illness, but received her high school diploma in 1934 (Badertscher) Rosa Parks was later married to Raymond Parks. He was a barber and supported Rosa through thick and thin and they were both members of the NAACP.
The police came and Parks was arrested and escorted from the bus. That same night, she was bailed from jail by Nixon and Durr for a fine of $100. Her trial was set for the following Monday (www.africanaonline.com). At the time, Parks was not scared, and did not really think of the possible punishments. She did know that she could be lynched, man-handled, or beaten by the police, but she felt that what she was doing was right and she stood up for what she believed (Parks).
Melba Pattillo was born on December 7, 1941, in Little Rock (Pulaski County). Beals grew up surrounded by family members who knew the importance of an education. Her mother, Lois Marie Pattillo, PhD, was one of the first black graduates of the University Of Arkansas (UA) in Fayetteville (Washington County) in 1954 and was a high school English teacher at the time of the crisis. Her father, Howell Pattillo, worked for the Missouri Pacific Railroad. She had one brother, Conrad, who served as a U.S. marshal in Little Rock, and they all lived with her grandmother, India Peyton.
However, many white people did not want to send their children to school with African Americans so they either moved or had a protest. In Tennessee and Texas, more than 2% of black students enrolled in integrated schools. These were the only two southern states that had integrated schools in 1964. In Section 402, the Commissioner of Education can conduct a survey and tell the President if there was any lack of available of equal education (“Civil Rights Act of 1964”). Therefore, the president could intervene and fix any problems if there were any.
Parks and Colvin: The Icon and Non-Celebrity Darryl R. Barkley ENG 220 December 22, 2014 Professor Marie Loggia-Kee Parks and Colvin: The Icon and Non-Celebrity Throughout the Jim Crow era, many African Americans rebelled against segregated seating in public transportation, but their number vastly increased after World War II (Schwartz, 2009). In 1955, racial segregation on buses in Montgomery, Alabama, ignited what is historically known as the Montgomery Bus Boycott. While the boycott lead to a decision by the Supreme Court to end segregated seating, it would not have been possible without the sacrifices made by Rosa Parks and Claudette Colvin. Both Parks and Colvin, upon boarding the National City Lines Bus
She later made her living as a seamstress. On February 4, 1913, Rosa Parks instigated the Montgomery, Alabama, bus boycott of 1955 to 1956. She did this by refusing to give up her seat on a city bus to a white passenger as required by law. Although secretary of the local branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored people, Rosa Parks acted alone. Her defiance and the successful boycott cost her livelihood until she moved to Detroit in 1957.
Which left Ida to take care of her other siblings. Ida took a job as a teacher after she convinced an administrator of a country school she was 18 year old. Eventually, Ida and her sisters moved to Memphis, Tennessee in 1882, to live with an aunt. While living in Memphis Ida continued
Rosa paid no attention to the driver speaking towards her and continued to look out the window. Then when things started to get rowdy, Parks insisted that she is not moving and the bus driver informed her that he was going to call the police then. When the police came Rosa asked the police, “why do you push us around?” and the officer’s response was, “I don’t know but the law is the law and you’re under arrest.” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Parks) This ties into transcendentalism because Parks used civil disobedience to voice her opinion and try changing the wrong. Rosa Parks accomplished that goal by refusing to get up for a white person because of segregation. Segregation was not fair to the Negroes at all and if Rosa Parks did not fight for what she believed in, then it could actually still be going on
The Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955 showed that peaceful protests could be effective. In Montgomery, Alabama, buses were segregated, and the NAACP member Rosa Parks one day refused to give up her seat, and was taken to court for her actions. Eventually after a mass boycott of the busses, the Supreme Court ruled that the busses in Montgomery were to be de-segregated. This peaceful boycott shows that the peaceful protest method could be effective in gaining the results that civil rights movement wanted. Moreover such events such as the Freedom Rides, these were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961.
However some men and women did stand up against this treatment and fought for their civil rights and for this they are preserved in history for their bravery. One of these people was Rosa Parks who many historians believed sparked the modern civil rights movement in America in December 1955. She unintentionally became an inspiration to thousands of African American citizens with her simple act of defiance on a bus one a cold, wet night on December 1st 1955. In this essay I am going to explore the life of Rosa Parks and how it led up to that night in December when she finally said enough was enough. Rosa Parks was born in Tuskegee, Alabama in February 1913.