However in Egypt, the country is mainly dessert. This means that there is little to no rain all year, meaning that it can be difficult to manage the water supply for the country. Countries situated next to other countries which use trans-boundary sources, such as Bangladesh, which is next to India, can also be a physical factor which contributes to high water stress levels, as they often have to share water supply. For example, Bangladesh and India both share water supply from the Ganges, however there have been disputes about the Farakka Dam being built in India which has cut off a lot of the water supply to Bangladesh. Another physical factor is whether the country has space which stores extra water such as aquifer, as this can be something for a country to use if the main water supply does potentially run out.
There are countless causes to why there has been an upsurge in flood frequency. The reasons for the rise in flooding that can be numerically measured will differ between these particular variables (and several others too): flash flooding, winter flooding, human and physical causes, with also the occasional climate change. Flash flooding is widely counted as a cause for increased flood frequency. This appears when there is an increased discharge in the given area due to a high input of precipitation so that the surface/ground that it lands upon or the drainage systems it enters cannot manage, or drain away the added discharge quickly enough. The way to distinguish between a flash food and an ordinary flood is the period of time the flood happens over (below six hours and it’s classed as a flash flood) Flash flooding is caused by several influential factors.
Describe and explain the formation of channel features that can be created by the process of river rejuvenation (15 marks) The long profile of a river is not a static entity and is prone to change due to changes in sea level. Over very long periods of time large changes in sea level can drastically alter the rivers potential energy and can increase the chances of vertical erosion. Sea levels change because of two principal causes - isostatic changes and eustatic changes, both of these changes can lead to rises or falls in sea level. Isostatic changes are local changes where the height of the land changes relative to the global sea level. An example of this can be found in glaciation.
Boscastle stands on the confluence of the River Jordan and the River Valency so there was an exceptional amount of water passing through the village. The steepness of the valley’s structure is a major physical factor as the rainwater falling on the hills travelled extremely quickly into the valley because of it. The shape of the valley also meant the rainwater was concentrated into a narrow space from the surrounding areas. Due to this there was an increase in run-off speed and discharge. This lead to the river channel in the village itself not being able to hold enough water and ascending from this, the flood later occurred.
However it reduced the amount of water but also they had a bit of warning and many people got evacuated in time. On the other hand the floods in an urban area often happen quicker than in natural environments because the urban developments have led to less storage the water had nowhere else
The bank of the river channel becomes worn away as a result of vertical erosion, due to the processes of hydraulic action which is the forces of flowing water against the river bed and banks caused by the volume of flowing water compared to kinetic energy and attrition which is the material being carried in the river colliding which then breaks the loads down into smaller pieces. Also the velocity of the water in its upper course of the river is slower as more energy is needed in overcoming friction on the uneven channel. however as the river travels more downstream less vertical and more lateral erosion begins to take place, the process of erosion which takes place her is attrition which is the carrying an breaking of the load and also abrasion which is when the material collides and wears away the bed rock, resulting the the river channel becoming more smoother, an also during the mid course you are more likely to come across flood plains. The channel characteristics also change when going downstream as the roughness decreases meaning that features such as potholes cannot be formed as the bed load is too small due to erosion wearing it away and breaking it down in to more smaller and rounder particles. Also as result of traveling downstream the mid-course and lower course tend to be more efficient and also has a smaller wetted perimeter.
A cash flow problem is when there is an insufficient amount of money to meet the end of month/year bills. A potential problem maybe overdraft, this is when more money is taken out of a bank account than is in it, when this happens it becomes overdrawn. The business owners, Sharma and Ryan need to think of the problems that they may face, using the cash flow forecast we are able to see that they have a stable net cash flow all throughout the year although they have not thought about the problems that they may face, by buying the capital equipment in full (£105,000) it shows that they have not thought much into there options, they could of spread the costs of the capital across 12 months so that that the monthly costs will be £8750.00, by doing this it will prepare the business for future problems if
With reference to one or more located examples, describe and explain the different impacts of flooding (25 marks) Floods can have a major impact on the environment and society. The impacts can be social, economic, and/or environmental. Although the vast majority of the social and economic impacts are negative because they result in costly repairs and the disruption of peoples’ everyday lives,, some of the environmental impacts can be positive. For example, floods spread sediment containing nutrients over soil that may not have reached had there been no flood. Whether or not a country can cope with the effects of a flood depends greatly on whether it is a less economically developed country (LEDC) or a more economically developed country (MEDC).
Between the years 1400 and 1550 there were multiple inventions and innovations that changed the world. The revolution in maritime travel was due to the creation of a new kind of ship, the Caravel and the Carracks. These vessels were cheap to build and quicker to construct than older models, the ships could sail anywhere do to its strong hull that could take on fierce waves, and its ability to sail against the wind. These ships were also large enough to hold cannons and had a large hull so they could be used in many different scenarios. The Portuguese and the Spanish had a great deal of knowledge about the seas.
Examples of urbanization that increases the risk of river floods include construction in floodplains, channel straightening, building of dikes, and construction activity generating impermeable surfaces includes transport infrastructure and residential areas. The Susquehanna River is the most flood prone river on the Eastern seaboard however flooding is a nationwide issue. This issue needs to be taken seriously and communities repeatedly devastated by flooding need to take a stand and respond to the negative impacts of flooding and join together to support this cause and help to prevent future flooding that affects our communities as well as our environment. Our local, county, state and federal governments need to join together with these communities and work together to implement the above sustainability plan to prevent future devastation from river