However, the arguments for the Out of Africa theory seem to be flawed far more than those of the Multiregional theory. The Multiregional theory states that the hominid H. erectus. Migrated out of Africa through the north approximately one million years ago and spread throughout the rest of the world. After some time several populations of H. erectus became isolated and each followed a similar path of evolution until they developed into archaic humans. Such small populations have a selective gene pool and although each group may have proceeded to develop different rates they all managed to follow the same evolutionary lines.
About half a million years ago human fossils diverged from the Homo erectus in their enlarged, rounder, and less angular skulls. It is interesting that at this time the human populations of Africa and Western Eurasia began to diverge from each other and from East Asian populations in skeletal details. Human history kicked off around 50,000 years ago, a period which Diamond calls the Great Leap Forward. The earliest signs of the Great Leap Forward were found in East African areas with standardized stone tools and first preserved jewelry. Similar
There were several centers of advanced civilization in Africa between 300 and 1400. Directions The following topic is based on the accompanying documents. When you write your essay, be sure to include: - An acceptable thesis - A demonstration of understanding of all documents - Appropriate evidence from all documents that supports the thesis - An analysis of the point of view of at least two documents - At least two groupings of the documents - An additional document or source Essay Topic Discuss and evaluate the achievements of the people of Africa before the arrival of the Europeans. Document 1: Aksum reached its height between 325 and 360. Aksum’s location made it an important international trading center.
Plate Tectonics is the theory that explains the structure and motion of the Earth’s lithosphere. The theory states that the Earth’s crust is split into large sections called tectonic plates, and these move relative to one another creating boundaries at which plates converge, diverge and move past each other. As far back as 1620, Francis Bacon noticed that the west coast of Africa and the east coast of South America looked as if it would fit together. Between then and 1912 others identified further similarities but it was only that year when Alfred Wegener published a theory and subsequent evidence to explain why the earth appeared to be a huge jigsaw puzzle. He suggested that all continents were once a huge supercontinent, called Pangaea- which drifted apart.
The first bit of evidence of the theory was the apparent fit of some of the Earth’s continents; analysis of these coastlines, notably the eastern edge of South America and the western edge of Africa, has shown that they are very similar geologically suggesting that at some point in the Earth’s history the landmasses were joined together. Another indicator that the continents were once distributed differently was geological evidence of glaciation in India – it is unlikely that glaciers could ever reach such low latitudes, but this problem can easily be explained by continental drift. Fossil distribution also provided some of the earliest evidence for plate tectonics – certain land-dwelling fossil species have been found in areas that are now separated by ocean which indicates that those areas were at some point joined together. Paleomagnetism is one of the strongest pieces of evidence for plate tectonic theory and was developed in the 1950s which managed to convince scientists of the theory. When new crust is formed certain minerals align themselves with the Earth’s magnetic field.
The Paleolithic Diet: An In-Depth Look Camilo Medina American Military University The Paleolithic Diet, otherwise known as the “Paleo Diet” or “Caveman Diet”) is a fairly new diet that originates from the fairly ancient diet of our Paleolithic ancestors. In order to delve in to the specifics of the Paleolithic diet one must fully understand what has happened to humans since the Paleolithic age. In an article from the Mayo Clinic Proceedings Journal by O’Keefe and Cordain (2004), human evolution can be traced back to the Paleolithic period (2.6 million years ago to about 100,000 years ago). They point out that “Although the human genome has remained largely unchanged (DNA evidence documents relatively little change in the genome during the past 10,000 years), our diet and lifestyle have become progressively more divergent from those of our ancient ancestors.”(O’Keefe & Cordain, 2004)These facts highlight that even though “socially, we are a people of the 21st century; genetically we remain citizens of the Paleolithic era.” by virtue of our biological makeup. (O’Keefe & Cordain, 2004) However, the agricultural revolution of approximately 10,000 years ago influenced the “abandonment of our ancestor’s way of life in favor of an agricultural based society.” (Cordain, 2002, p. 5) This agricultural lifestyle paved the way to a radical change of our diets.
Biologically, there was evidence that proved his theory for example, the Mesosaurus reptile fossils were only found in Africa and South America, proving his ‘jig-saw’ fit idea. These fossils were found in old rock which is the type of rock most associated with finding fossils. Moreover, the study of geology highlights that in the countries that were supposedly part of the Gondwana continent (the south part of super continent, Pangea) there are glacial deposits in the carboniferous rock which would suggest that all these countries were once joined together as a large continent, proving
Darwin was not the first naturalist to propose that species changed over time into new species—that life, as we would say now, evolves. In the eighteenth century, Buffon and other naturalists began to introduce the idea that life might not have been fixed since creation. By the end of the 1700s, paleontologists had swelled the fossil collections of Europe, offering a picture of the past at odds with an unchanging natural world. And in 1801, a French naturalist named Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck took a great conceptual step and proposed a full-blown theory of evolution. Lamarck started his scientific career as a botanist, but in 1793 he became one of the founding professors of the Musee National d'Histoire Naturelle
These explorers led the way by dominating with use of the military tactics and technological intelligence. But this documentary dates back to even further in history tracing almost all of the worlds roots back to different sections of Africa. Neanderthals date back to over 300,000 years ago and were first settled in Europe. Neanderthals and humans weren’t too different from each other but Neanderthals were a lot bigger, but the Neanderthals eventually died and humans advanced. We can trace back large portions of the world’s citizens to Africa and it is also said that we all descend from Africa itself as homosapiens.
Alfred Wegner was the theorist behind the discovery of tectonic plates back at the start of the 19th century. He found that across the globe there were small bits of evidence that showed the earth was once just one big continent called Pangaea, one part of evidence he found to explain this vast continent was the mountain ranges going through the middle of the West of Africa and the East of South America both of which go right up to the coastline and end in the sea. He noticed that if you connected the two continents up like a jigsaw then the two mountain ranges joined up nicely to make one big one. It isn’t just these two continents that join up but all the continents we have today connected up. For example Canada and the north of Scotland connect agreeably, and they have similar rock formations which indicate that they were laid down at the same time in the same place.