Catalysts operate by decreasing the value of the activation energy for the reaction. [1] The iodide ions lower the activation energy, making it easier for the reactants to convert to the products and vice versa, hence speeding up the reaction. We use an adaptation of the Arrhenius equation ln k’ = -Ea/RT + ln A . where k’ is the rate constant, Ea is the activation energy, R is the universal gas constant and T is temperature. [2] to determine the Activation Energy.
Somewhat, as small as 1-2 degrees Celsius may change to 10-20% in the results of fluctuation in reaction temperature. In the case of enzymatic reactions, many enzymes are affected by high temperatures. At consistent temperatures, enzymes will be deactivated. Storage of enzymes at 5°C or below is generally the most suitable. Some enzymes lose their activity when frozen.
636. The rate of reaction is dependent upon many factors. Out of these, an important factor is the ionic character of the reactant molecule. As the ionic character increases, the rate of reaction: A. Increase B. Decreases C. Remains the same D. Becomes zero Answer: A Explanation: Increase in the ionic character is accompanied by an increase in the rate of reaction.
Molecules at higher temperature have more thermal energy. Introduction Chemical Kinetics, also known as reaction kinetics, is the study of rates of chemical processes. Chemical kinetics includes investigations of how different experimental conditions can influence the speed of a chemical reaction and yield information about the reaction’s mechanism and transition states, as well as the construction of mathematical models that can describe the characteristics of a chemical reaction (Clarke, 1974). Chemical kinetics deals with the experimental determination of the reaction rates from which rate laws and rate constants are derived. Relatively simple rate laws exist for zero-order reactions (for which concentration rates are independent of concentration), first-order reactions and secondorder reactions, and can be derived for others.
Molarity is the number of moles in a compound in a solution over the number of liter in the solution. In titration, solution of known quantity and concentration is enumerated to another solution of also known quantity and concentrations until an end point of combined solutions are reached. The end point is nothing really that fancy but rather an indicator of color change, which represents that the reaction is over. In the titration, the two substances exchange electrons, which can be called redox reaction. In redox reaction, one element or compound is reduced and gains electrons, while on the other hand, the other element or compound is oxidized and loses electrons.
One vaporization and condensation cycle is called a theoretical plate. The greater the amount of theoretical plates, the better the separation will be. In this experiment, there are two theoretical plates. The first plate is the initial distillation where three different fractions are collected over different temperature ranges. The first fraction is collected at 60-75℃, the second fraction is collected at 75-85℃ and the final fraction is collected at 85-105℃.
Introduction The quantity of fission products in a nuclear reactor is dependent on the amount of fission occurring, which is directly related to fuel burnup. Therefore it follows that increased fuel burnup causes a rise in the quantity of fission products. Fission product behavior negatively impacts fuel performance in a number of different ways. The negative impacts on fuel performance that fission byproducts have include fuel swelling, pressure and stress on the cladding, as well as decreased thermal performance of the fuel; all of which limit the amount of burnup a reactor can undergo. The neutralization, reduction, or removal of fission products and subsequently their associated negative effects will allow for higher burnup in nuclear reactors.
The number bubbles produced shows the affect of light energy to the rate of photosynthesis. Hypothesis As the distance of the light increase, the bubble produced will also increase. As the distance of the light decrease, the bubble produced will also decrease. The percentage of Sodium bicarbonate in the 200 mL water will affect the rate of oxygen bubbles in the water. Selecting variables Independent variable: • Distance of the lamp (cm) This variable needs to be changed to observe its affect on the rate of photosynthesis.
HYPOTHESIS: I think, that the greater the volume, the lower the pressure will be and vice versa. The smaller the volume, the greater the pressure will be. That is, because when the area will be decreased, such as in the injection tube if we press it, the molecules will collide more quickly with the boundaries or walls of the area it is in, therefore the pressure is increased, as already mentioned. VARIABLES: Dependent variable: Pressure Independent variable: Volume Constant variable: Temperature. MATERIALS: Autor computer program, Interface Coachlab II/II+, injection, plastic tube for connection of the measurment station and the injection.
One of the major sources of error in this experiment is that the volume of metal ball will rise while the surrounding water’s temperature rise. The metal ball has fixed amount of gas, so with higher volume the inner pressure of the metal ball will be lower. In order to reduce the error and improve this experiment, we can use a metal with lower coefficient of volume expansion. Objective: The objective of the second lab is to determine the relationship between the pressure and volume of gas with fixed temperature. Based on the Bayle’s Law, the pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to the volume with fixed temperature.