In this short essay I will define institutional racism, its history in American and who it mostly affects. Institutional racism also known as institutional oppression refers to racism perpetrated by government entities, major cooperation’s, schools, the courts or the military (Moore 2008). Unlike the racism perpetrated by individuals, institutional racism has the power to negatively affect the bulk of people belonging to a minority group. This form of racism still persists in America because dominant groups are unwilling to share or give up the benefits inherited from past generations. Through numerous examples, Institutional Racism demonstrates how inequality and racial exclusion are embedded within the fabric of American society.
Henceforth they are separated into different ‘colonies’. In current Australian society, myths and stereotypes have had a major impact on culture. Essentially there are isolated groups based on persona and culture, e.g. Wogs. ‘Wog’ in Australia is a racist term nevertheless stereo typical against Greeks, Lebanese and Maltese; this is a highly cynical myth along with all the others out there.
Historically Institutional racism plays a major role in hindering the progress of Indigenous people. Institutional racism is addressed in the paper as a key factor in the social disadvantage and consecutive high unemployment rate amongst Indigenous Australians. Australia is privy to a history of wrongdoing against its Indigenous community. Andrew Armitage writes of the British invasion in 1788; ‘the land needed for the colony was obtained by an act of dispossession, assisted in British law by the convenient assumption that Australia was terra nullius (vacant, unoccupied land)’. The invasion was the cause of the ‘land wars’ that ensued and resulted in the massacre and decimation of the Aboriginal people (Armitage, 1995, p. 17).
In social justice it just means socially everything is right and with no disadvantages. But today I'm talking about social injustice, so that is generally the wrong things that are happening in Australia. The people affected by racial acts are deeply hurt by the words or actions put up to them, and most of the time they are scarred for life. The injustice that has occurred in Australia is racism and this injustice has
Rather than view Australian history as a closed system, they attempt to explore how experiences in other democracies shaped the decision to have compulsory voting in Australia. The writers’ views are that compulsory voting was adopted to protect an apathetic majority from outspoken minorities. The article would be a useful source in the writing of a paper on compulsory voting because it examines how experiences in other nations affected Australians’ decisions to make voting compulsory. The article also further explores the debates in the nineteenth century Australian colonies, which led to the adoption of mandatory voting, in the context of other democracies. TWOMEY, A.
The article Emerging Issues discusses among other things, public opinion polls which found to ‘show some fear of racial trouble, widespread resistance to Asian immigration and a strong intent to keep Australia ‘White’ (Goot 1984: 17), it goes on to say that there has been a certain amount of tolerance but attitudes toward Asian immigration where negative. Another example would be the Cronulla Race riots, which was a series of racially motivated events in Cronulla in 2005 where 5000 people descended on Cronulla to protest against ‘non-locals’ (reportedly Middle Eastern looking youths from Western Sydney) being violent towards ‘locals’. A previous incident between three off-duty life savers and youths of middle eastern appearance had sparked the protest. There were many injuries to the ‘non-locals’, both male and female, that happened to arrive at Cronulla that day, most were mobbed and bashed. Many incidents of violence occur within the homosexual community also.
The play explores stereotypical aspects of Australian society and uncovers the ugly truth of the community. Through the entirety of the play the composer tackles themes including masculinity, discrimination and the perceptions of females in Black Rock. Masculinity is a key issue in which Enright explores strongly during the play. The composer reveals the ugly reality which can sometimes occur in Australian society. The play shows and highlights what happens when a group of young males come together as a ‘clan’.
Racism is defined by the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (1999) as “ an ideology that gives expression to myths about other racial and ethnic groups, that devalues and renders inferior those groups, that reflects and is perpetuated by deeply rooted historical, social, cultural and power inequalities in society”. Racism is a byproduct of people believing that they are superior to others because they belong to or are associated with a particular ethnic or national group or race. Racism generally reflects stereotyped beliefs and attitudes surrounding particular groups of people for their ethnicity, culture, background, religion and skin colour etc (NSW Government, Education & Communities, 2013). Racism can appear in a variety of behaviors such as verbal abuse/name calling, excluding certain people from something due to their race, physical abuse due to race etc (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2013). Racism complaints have rocketed in the past 5 years and more than 1 in 20 Australians have confessed to being physically assaulted due to their race.
Whilst racist attitudes generally resided, what was left was structural racism, meaning the effects of having had such discriminatory legislation, practices and policies to begin, set Aboriginals off on an unequal ‘playing field’ to Non-Indigenous counterparts in many aspects of life. The over-representation of Aboriginals in the criminal justice system can be attributed to structural-racism. In Western Australia, whilst only accounting for 3% of the state’s population, Aboriginals account for a disturbing 40% of the gaol population (Morgan N & Motteram J, Aboriginal People and Justice Services: Plans, programs and delivery, LRCWA, Project No 94, Background Paper No 7 (December 2004) 1, 17). According to the Crime and Justice Statistics for Western Australia: 2003 (Perth: Crime Research) it was recorded that Aboriginal people were eight times more likely than non-Aboriginal people to be victims of violence. Aboriginal women and children are much more likely to be the victims of violence and abuse than non-Indigenous counterparts.
Chapter 8 Navigating Masculinities Across the Cultural Ditch: Tales from Māori Men in Australia Richard Pringle & Paul Whitinui Introduction Contemporary Australia is multiethnic yet the lucky country has not always induced good luck for its indigenous population or non-white settlers. More bluntly, Australia’s history of race relations can be regarded as shameful (MacLeod 2006). Colin Tatz (1999) reported, in relation to the United Nation’s definition of genocide, that policies adopted by both state and federal governments up until the 1970s constituted genocide against the Aboriginals. Australia’s official immigration policy prior to 1947 also aimed to keep its population white (MacLeod 2006) and, more recently,