Zinn disputes Henry Kissinger's statement: "History is the memory of states" because he proceeded to tell the history of of 19th century Europe from the viewpoint of the leaders of Austria and England instead of the millions who suffered from those satemen’s policies. From his perspective peace that Europe once had was now restored but for those everywhere except in the upper class it was a world of violence, hunger and so much more. 5. Zinn's basic criticism of historian Samuel Eliot Morison's book, Christopher Columbus, Marineris that although he mentions the truth about Columbus he quickly goes on to cover other things more important to him and not put much emphasis or importance to the truth. Samuel Eliot in Zinn’s perspective covers up the truth with non-important facts misleading readers to think that “yes, mass murder took place, but it’s not that important.” 6.
Running head: LOCAL BUILDING COMPARISON 1 Research Project Local Building Comparison BINT 205 Instructor: Karen White Masooma Naqvi 18 November, 2011 LOCAL BUILDING COMPARISON 2 Table of Contents Page no. St. Michael’s Cathedral Work Journal Works Cited 4 21 LOCAL BUILDING COMPARISON 3 St. Michael’s Cathedral, Toronto Introduction St. Michael’s Cathedral, one of the oldest churches in Toronto, was completed in 1848. It is the Roman Catholic cathedral of the Archdiocese of Toronto, Canada. It is located at 200 Church Street in Toronto’s Garden District. The Cathedral’s architect was William Thomas, who also designed eight other Toronto churches and the historic St. Lawrence Hall.
In 1838 the leading architect Augustus Welby Pugin was commissioned to design St Chad's Roman Catholic cathedral of Birmingham built in Gothic revival style during 1839-41. It was not only to address the practical need to accommodate Birmingham’s Catholics, but to make a strong visual statement of Catholic resurgence. In 1850, Pope Pius IX restored Roman Catholic territorial bishoprics, which caused controversy. Protestants viewed this as an act of 'papal aggression' against
* Why Martin Luther became disillusioned with the Church of Rome * Martin Luther was one of the most influential figures in Christian history. He was a controversial figure in the Reformation movement. In this essay, the intent is to point out the reason as to why Martin Luther was disappointed with the methods and intention of the Roman Church. How he entered into monastery work, how his Catholic upbringing contributed, and his 95 theses on the issue of indulgences. * Martin Luther was born on November 10, 1483, in Roman Catholicism in the small town of Eisleben, Saxony, in modern southeast Germany.
In 1523, just two years after the Aztec capital of Tenochitlan fell to Hernán Cortés and his Conquistadors, the first Roman Catholic missionaries arrived to begin the religious conquest of Mexico. Fray Bernadino de Sahagún and his fellow Franciscan brothers immediately immersed themselves in the intensive study of indigenous tongues along with the history, customs and religious practices of the Mexicas, whom they called Aztecs. Soon fluent in Nahuatl, they proceded to translate religious texts and teach the Christian doctrines. Among their first converts was a man baptized with the Christian name Juan Diego. On the chilly morning of December 9, 1531, Juan Diego crossed the barren hill called Tepeyac to attend Mass.
Romanesque architecture came before Gothic starting in the late 1000s when architects started to, almost out of nowhere, favor stone buildings and roofs as opposed to easily flammable wood structures. This seems relatively obvious but fires back in those times were exponentially more devastating as they are today, with the lack of technology and understanding. This fear of wood structures burning caused Romanesque architects to construct stone, low ceiling cathedrals that were made possible because of the wide spread prosperity in Europe at that time. This stone architecture caused there to not be much light permissible into the cathedrals as shown at the Cathedral of Saint-Sernin in Toulouse, France. Also visible in this cathedral are the very calculated and geometrical compound piers which, according to Pitt University, are types of piers that are composed not of single members but have shafts, half-columns, or pilaster strips attached to them.
He was appointed Vicar Apostolic of New Holland and Van Diemen’s Land on the 3rd of July 1832. John became determined to move to Sydney and set up a Benedictine monastery. So in September 1835 he arrived in Sydney and eventually he was appointed the first bishop of Sydney on the 5th of April 1842. His dream now was to build a Christian society in Australia through the influence of the Benedictine way of life. During his office as bishop of Sydney he established two Benedictine communities of women: the community at Jamberoo whose founding members he transported from England in 1848 and the sisters of the good Samaritan of the order of Saint Benedict which he founded in 1857.
Gothic Architecture in French and English Cathedrals The Gothic style originated in France around 1140. It spread to other parts of Europe and remained the dominant style in northern Europe for the next 400 years. Like the preceding Romanesque style, the Gothic style is defined largely in terms of architecture, with many regional variants. As the Gothic style spread throughout Europe, it brought profound changes in Europe. French Gothic captured the imagination of English architects and the style influenced their building down through the centuries.
There are many gothic churches that are still found throughout Europe today. The first church is probably one of the best known for its Gothic style. This church is named the Abbey Church of Saint-Denis. The Abbey Church of Saint-Denis is located near Paris, France. Between 1135 and 1137 this church began to be rebuilt from a fire that it suffered through.
European penetration of the interior had begun decades earlier with the explorations of two German missionaries, Johannes Rebmann and Johann Ludwig Krapf, in 1847–49, and by the English explorer John Hanning Speke at Lake Victoria in 1858 (“Kenya – History”).The first Europeans to invade Kenya were German agents of the Church Missionary Society. At first, in the 1870s and 1880s, the British were not interested in Kenya, only other African countries. It wasn’t until the wake of the Berlin Conference in 1885 that they gained interest in the country. In 1886, the Germans made agreements with Britain that created a boundary between German territories in Tanganyika (part of present day Tanzania) and British territories in Kenya. The Imperial British East Africa Company was chartered in 1888 to administer Kenya, but the company soon found itself losing large amounts of money through its vain attempts to extend control over the interior (“History, British Colonization”).