‘The NAACP’s campaigns in the years 1945 to 1953 were a failure because they did not bring about racial equality. ‘How far do you agree with this view? The NAACP’s campaigns were failures, this being because, while yes they won court cases such as Morgan v Virginia, or Smith v Allwright, and yes they successfully boycotted specific areas for reasons relating to segregation, nothing had changed. Segregation was still happening despite all the new laws that were created making segregation illegal. In 1944, a black lady by the name of Irene Morgan was fined $100 on an interstate bus for refusing to give up her seat for a white man, and thus took her case, with the help of the NAACP (National Association in the Advancement of Coloured People) to the Supreme Court.
INTRODUCTION: Before 1945, the white attitude to blacks was very different to how it is today. A lot needed changing, and it took a large amount of protests and court cases to do so. For example, blacks had no say in elections, and this was enforced with the grandfather clause (where they had to prove that men of two generations before them had been eligible to vote, which they couldn’t) or the literacy clause (where they had to prove they could read and write, which most of them couldn’t). Discrimination in education and employment had led to social deprivation, and many blacks in the North were living in ghettos. PUBLIC OPINION: During the war, black Americans did not approve of the slogan of the war that focused on equality and liberty, as to them it seemed hypocritical, because all they received was discrimination.
Parth Patel Period: 1 Ms. Troutman Segregation Separate but equal? What does that justify? The Jim Crow Laws were newly introduced to the colored people in the early 1876, manipulating people to believe that they were kept separate yet equal. Segregation affected every available facility known to either white and or colored. They were strictly forbidden to cooperate because blacks were looked down upon.
After 1869 federal government remained an obstacle throughout this time period. The Supreme Court ruling of the US vs Reese case in 1875 supported Kentucky officials who turned away black voters, and so marked the way for further discrimination against black voters. The voting qualifications further restricted African Americans from exercising their political rights and was legalised by the Mississippi vs Williams case. Federal government failed to discourage anti civil rights groups whose main targets were black voters and so greatly inhibited the slow progression of African American civil rights. However, state government was also a major obstacle in achieving the vote for African Americans.
25, No. 8, p. 457 Alain Locke takes a look at the current state of Harlem back in 1936. He notest that regardless of the Harlem renssaince and its grandure reputation, it was going through a tremendous amount of struggle, right along with the rest of the country, except that Harlem was being ignored. According the Locke, the world was unaware of the increasing level of crime that ran parralel to the econmic downfall of the United States. He pointed out why one riot started as a result of a white store owner servicing blacks, yet refuse to keep blacks in key positions and not employing enough of them.
Slavery was abolished in the United States in 1863 by President Abraham Lincoln. However, black Americans could not live equal lives as white American citizens for a long time. There was public segregation that made blacks inferior to whites. Black civil rights activists stood up against this as a response, demanding for desegregation. In this essay, I will talk about methods used by black civil rights organizations, and the changes brought as a result of this in the United States from 1954 to 1957.
The Civil Rights Movement in the USA in the 1950’s and 1960’s Civil Rights Movement: A program of protest and civil disobedience undertaken by African Americans to overcome racist policies that denied them of civil rights. Segregation in the USA in the 1950’s * Gained there emancipation in 1865 but still faced discrimination in every aspect of their lives. * A systematic segregation was improved which separated African American’s from white American’s. This included : * African Americans being forced to use separate entrances, separated in theatres, buses, swimming pools, hospitals, schools and even cemeteries. * These facilities were inadequate.
After the 1896 ‘Plessy vs. Ferguson’ ruling on ‘separate but equal’ everything was segregated. Public facilities, housing, schools, employment and transport was some of the things that were segregated. In segregation, black people were not treated the same as white people – blacks having less opportunity , under priviledged education and worse conditions in public facilities than whites. In Mississippi, the state was paying $93,15 for every white student and only $48,14 for every black student. This further emphasised that ‘separate’ was not equal.
Before the Civil Rights Act of 1964 segregation in the United States was commonly practiced in many southern states. African Americans were discriminated against repeatedly in the south and laws did nothing to protect them. The segregation in the time was supposed to be “separate but equal” but it was hardly close to that. The federal v. state controversy affected many people in the 1960’s because no one wanted to integrate. The struggle of federal v. state is affecting the world today with gun control just as it affected the 1960’s with segregation and integration.
Always distinctions will be existing in segregated districts such as facilities in education and transportation. Brown at 50: Can we Fulfill its Vision website’s article writes, “ADL argued that which is unequal in fact cannot be equal in law and therefore segregation and equality cannot be co-exist in public education” (2004, p.2). Black children and their parents always were suffering from these bad distinctions. Because of distinguish between in education facilities; children were not getting good education. They were not preparing themselves for their future.