These biases interrelate and tend to perpetuate someone's depression. He also suggested errors in logic could be a reason for someone to behave abnormally. This concerns the way in which someone sees an event in the past, present or future. Examples of irrational thinking that both Ellis and Beck proposed are catastrophizing (wildly exaggerating the negative aspects of an event), polarized thinking (seeing everything in extreme terms), and overgeneralization (drawing conclusions based on a single event). This approach is supported by Burt et al who asked participants to recall a list of words.
Prosecutors can sometimes get away with misconduct as it is extremely difficult to prove that misconduct had actually taken place. Often times the prosecutor is viewed as being on the side of justice and as a result it is difficult for the defendant (who is accused of a crime) to turn the tide against the prosecution. Although during the trial both the defense as well as the judge may report a prosecutor for misconduct, this rarely happens as these reports are often dismissed. This is because as long as the prosecutions misconduct does not affect the outcome of the case, then it is tolerated, meaning that a prosecutor can harass a witness or the defendant so long as the harassment did not have anything to do with the outcome of the trial. The fact that the prosecutor works in the interests of the state can be seen as the underlying factor here.
From this type of profiling an offender can be categorized as organized nonsocial offenders and disorganized asocial offenders. The killing from theses two types of offenders would produce two different crime scenes, one of complete chaos and plenty of evidence all over and another with little evidence and more controlled. A major benefit from using this type of profiling is that it let investigators know what kind of offender they will be dealing with so they know how to proceed with the case and interrogate them. A limitation from this type of profiling can be that too much attention is paid to the physical evidence and not on the nonphysical (Holmes & Holmes,
ImperialismOsama bin laden and his followers charged another thing on United Status that the UnitedStates is using his power in the countries where it has military occupation formerly and thegovernments of these countries are alike puppets for it.They also blame that the United States unseat the government who turn against it and denyaccepting his order.There may be others factors about it that why Bin Laden do not like America or hate it. It can bestate that until unless these factors are present the issue of terrorism and insurgency is difficultto resolve. It is also seem that it is difficult to bring any improvement in the politicalcircumstances in the Middle East without resolving such
Muslims are living in fear from the public hate and the government’s intentions on dismantling the civil rights of this minority, using three specific factors which have instigated this fear. These factors are government action, irresponsible media, and the hate speech of some national leaders. ‘Government action ' has done a great deal to undermine the self-confidence of Muslims. Arrests, special registration, police raids, FBI interrogations, profiling at airports, and secret evidence have left Muslims, particularly men, feeling insecure and even paranoid. Since 9/11, mainstream media, generally, have taken up the cause of the government and fully support the 'war on terror.'
For example, in Loftus experiments on eye witness testimony the participants were asked to say if there was broken glass present or not. This can be objectively and accurately measured and analysed The artificial and controlled environment used can be useful in ensuring other variables are not causing the effect. For example, in experiments into Jury prejudice, factors such as the nature of the crime, gender, race, and attractiveness can be kept the same or manipulated to see which is most likely to create a bias in favour or against a defendant, thus again establishing a cause and effect relationship. This environment allows standardised procedure and instructions to be applied, meaning that each participant is having the same experience, allowing accurate comparison of individual responses. For, example, when looking at the reliability of eye witness testimony, video or slides can be used to ensure each participant witnesses the same event exactly.
The lead profiler on any case can be someone from within or outside the department depending on the skill levels available internally and preferably, a teamwork approach to case analysis would create a continuing dialogue that would not entirely hinge on the opinion of one investigator or profiler. While it is desirable to narrow the suspect list down to a workable size for the investigators, it is also necessary to prevent personal whims from causing tunnel vision and causing the exclusion of viable suspects. The four basic skills necessary for good Investigative Criminal Profiling - investigations, forensics, psychological assessment and the application of cultural anthropology - are necessary to a complete an accurate profile. It should be recognized that experts should be consulted to fill in the gaps. A homicide investigator with limited skills in profiling might combine his skills with that of a professional profiler and as a team, increase the success of the
However, if a true suspect is foolish enough to fall for police deception, they do so at their own peril (Rhode Island v. Innes, 1980; State v. Jackson, 1983). I believe if the proper techniques are utilized throughout the nine steps and avoiding the signs of the mentally ill, juveniles, etc. An investigator should overall be successful in obtaining a true confession without suspicion from liberal critics. However, this may be untrue because liberal critics are never satisfied. A little known upcoming safeguard may be useful in preventing false confessions is called the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS).
Underreporting occurs due to individuals being dishonest regarding their behavior, therefore causing an error in the research done. A possible solution to this limitation is focusing on observed behavior, and correlating the findings with the self-reporting behavior, therefore developing a conclusion that is more in-depth. Furthermore, Article 2 emphasized that other factors can influence self-labeling as a victim in relation to work-place bullying, not just anxiety and anger. In addition, discovering a moderation effect regarding negative acts of violence and self-labeling is hard to discover due to the psychological way an individual may experience an event. Lastly, Article 3 honed on the lack of variances of deviant behavior.
People deserve a reasonable trial for instances, there are individuals who are accused of crimes he or she have not committed. Whereas, certain people have committed crimes that are found not guilty for the simple fact one has the money to hire a high-class lawyer. The situations concerning these accusations tend to protect others that can afford to be represented financially the ones who cannot manage to pay for high-class lawyers settle for court appointed attorneys. “Although appellate courts rule that improper statements made by prosecutors do not render sentencing proceedings unfair, some judges express concern that the error may not be harmless” (Edwards, 1995). This action should be carefully view by higher authorities in making sure that justice is served correctly and