i.e. The forces that drive it and make us act the way we do. This method has made important contributions to counseling as a whole as a lot of therapists and counsellors, even if they follow different psychological theories, have been influenced by it. This approach has emerged from psychoanalysis whose founder is Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). Freud assumed that our behavior is caused by unconscious thoughts, our desires and impulses which is also how human behaviour is explained in the psychodynamic approach.
In psychology people such as Freud, Maslow and Rogers play an important role in understanding the self, whereas society can be explained by sociological figures such as Durkheim in sociology. The psychologist, Freud’s theory of personality suggests that our personality is structured by the interactions of our id, superego and ego. The id being our pleasure principle; it is the selfish part of our self and causes us to desire things such as food and sex. It is an unconscious part of our personality and present from birth. The superego is our morality principle which we develop from three to six years old, it helps us to define the difference between right and wrong and Freud suggested that it is often in conflict with the id.
Discuss two psychological therapies of depression. (24 Marks) One psychological therapy of depression in Psychodynamic Interpersonal Therapy. This therapy was developed by Hobson, and focuses mainly on the relationship between the therapist and patient. When a comfortable relationship is established, past events that could be the cause of depression are relived and resolved to try and relieve the pressures that they may be putting on the individual. Hobson believes that because problems in our life are usually through interpersonal relationships, we should resolve these problems through a therapeutic relationship.
Associate Level Material Appendix C Psychotherapy Matrix Directions: Review Module 36 of Psychology and Your Life. Select three approaches to summarize. Include examples of the types of psychological disorders appropriate for each therapy. |Cognitive approaches to therapy |Behavioral approaches to therapy |Psychodynamic approaches to therapy | |Summary of |. Beck’s cognitive therapy aims to change people’s |Building on the basic processes of learning, behavioral |Psychodynamic therapy seeks to bring unresolved past | |Approach |illogical thoughts about themselves and the world.
Education is important with this form of treatment so clients can recognize how different factors affect the course of the disease and what they can do to manage these factors (Steinkuller and Rheineck 342). Family therapy is also a means of treatment where family members as well as the client see a mental health provider to find solutions and ways to deal with the disorder. Family involvement provides structure and could increase adherence to treatment leading to delays or reductions in relapses (Steinkuller and Rheineck 342). Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy involves stabilizing social and circadian rhythms based on the hypotheses that unstable daily routines result in increased bipolar episodes in individuals prone to them (Steinkuller and Rheineck 349). Social rhythm therapy recognizes the need for regular sleep/wake cycles, regulation of meals, exercise, sleep and plans for keeping rhythms stable when disruptions occur.
"Identity can be understood as our own theory of ourselves, created from many sources" (Phoenix, 2002, p.47). We’ll be looking at identity using the psychosocial and the social constructionist theories and defining the contributions they have made in advancing our knowledge of identity. The Psychosocial Theory was devised by Erik Erikson, a German Psychoanalyst, through clinical and naturalistic observations, biographies of famous people, as well as from his own history. He believed that there is a core identity which is determined by the interaction between mind (psychological), body (genetic programming) and the social environment (shaped by culture and the times lived in). Erikson believed that people need to be viewed consistently over time and that their identity needs us to conform to a groups ideals.
The individual identity stands alongside the social group it identifies with and requires positive response from the group to have a strong sense of identity. This is different from individual identity being dictated by membership of the social group (as in the SIT theory proposed by Tajfel and cited by Phoenix 2007). In addition there is an unconscious drive for the definition of self which is assumed in smooth, good times but not when there is fear over survival. Different cultures and historical periods have impact on individual identities and Erikson felt that his period of history was associated with identity crisis as individuals were under threat from two World wars. His own individual history as a Jew with Aryan features also underlies the meaning he found in his clinical work and the conclusions he reached.
Psychotherapeutic Theories and Models (CPc1) Assignment 2 Paul Carey Student No: 1241-13 Abstract In this assignment I will explore the theories of Existentialism and Narrative therapy, giving an overview of the main elements, including examples of potential weaknesses or limitations that may occur in their clinical use. I will then discuss and explore the ways the theories links with the case study of John, using examples from Johns presenting story to explore a clinical application. Theoretical discussion Existentialism is a philosophical approach to therapy (Corey, 2009a), where the therapist practically applies this approach to a relevant discussion and thinking about a client’s life (Van Deurzen & Adams, 2011). It is not so much a therapy about individual problems, as it is a therapy on the problem of life, or living, as applied to the clients own sense of self in the world (Van Deurzen & Adams, 2011). Philosophers who laid the foundation for the approach gave focus to the existential or ontological dimension of our existence (Cohn, 1997).
[citation needed] According to Jungian psychology, individuation is a process of psychological integration, having for its goal the development of the individual personality. "In general, it is the process by which individual beings are formed and differentiated [from other human beings]; in particular, it is the development of the psychological individual as a being distinct from the general, collective psychology. "[1] 'The symbols of the individuation process...mark its stages like milestones', prominent among them for Jungians being '"the shadow, the Wise Old Man...and lastly the anima in man and the animus in woman"'. [2] Thus 'there is often a movement from dealing with
RUNNING HEAD: Existentialism Existential Psychotherapy: Theory, Practice, and Research Nadine Duckworth EDUC 5705 - Counselling Psychology: Theory October 29, 2007 Existential Psychotherapy: Theory, Practice, and Research Introduction Existential therapists assist clients to develop a deeper understanding about life, enhance their self-knowledge, and become the authors of their own reality. Existential psychotherapy can be seen as a tapestry of intersecting practices, all oriented around the concern of the lived human experience (Cooper, 2003). In this paper, I will explore the history and philosophical ideas of existentialist theory, examine its descriptive and prescriptive value with regard to therapeutic practice, and evaluate the research in support of it. I will conclude with the proposition that existentialism is a very broad theory that has many potential applications, and is in need of more research to support its practices. History of Existentialist Theory As long as humankind has been consciously aware of its own existence, there have been existential ponderings.