Primo de Rivera´S Dictatorship (1923-1931)

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Primo de Rivera´s rise to power as a consequence of army´s final defeat in 1921 Spanish strong anti-militaristic feelings began to take root in 1898, after losing colonial possessions during a whole century. The Spanish army was by the XX century a week organization, whose only area of operation was the Spanish protectorate of Morocco.[1] However in 1921 it was defeated by local Abd -el- Krim forces. This issue generated a deep political crisis in Spain and the conservative government was forced to elaborate an inform, known as Expediente Picasso explaining the King´s involvement and military errors that lead to the disaster. The inform publication was delayed and was to be published on September 1923, but finally never appeared as on 23 September of that year, Miguel Primo de Rivera, Catalan General carried out a coup d’état , with the approval of the King, and introduced a dictatorship that would last until 1930.[2] Much is discussed about to what extend his dictatorship was a success or a failure. However it is evident that it contributed to create an atmosphere ideal for republicans to act in 1931 as well as to the outburst that lead to Civil War in 1936. On the one hand historian de la Cierva considers that the historic balance of Primo´s action was above all successful as it managed to tackle the long standing problems that suffered Spain by 1923.[3] One of the problems was the fatal decline of the army. Under Primo´s administration the army regained the privilege it had lost putting an end to war in Morocco. Besides there are historians who stand that this would not be possible without the military alliance with France, whose Moroccan interests were also being threatened, there is general acceptance that this was definitely a success!!!!(include footnote) This war and the fact that it ended in victory is very relevant when analyzing the causes of the
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