Pre-Eclampsia Essay

3242 Words13 Pages
pre-eclampsia The causes of pre-eclampsia: is it a multifactorial disease or is there one main cause? Abstract This essay discusses the clinical signs and symptoms of pre-eclampsia, and the factors (risk factors and biological molecules) that lead to the aetiology of the disease. The spiral arteries of pre-eclamptic women have high resistance and low flow. This is due to endothelial dysfunction which is caused by the products of oxidative stress, shed particles from membranes, activated neutrophils and plasma lipids. It is also a result of the action of molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble endoglin (sEng), placental protein 13 (PP13), P Selectin, angiotensin receptor 1 auto antibodies (AT1-AA) and neurokinin B. They all act to affect angiogenesis - the production of new blood vessels - and hence cause hypertension, proteinurea and the other symptoms of pre-eclampsia. I also looked into the risk factors of pre-eclampsia and found that women over the age of 40, those with previous history (personal or family) of preeclampsia, women with multiple pregnancies, insulin dependence, and chronic hypertension all have an increased risk of preeclampsia. Also, ladies with renal disease, antiphospholipid dsyndrome, high BMI, those who conceive through reproductive techniques and those from a Caucasian, African or afrocarribean background have an increased risk of pre-eclampsia. I have concluded that pre-eclampsia is a multifactorial disease. INTRODUCTION Pre-eclampsia is defined as the presence of hypertension - systolic blood pressure >140mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >90mmHg - and proteinurea - >0.3g/day after the twentieth week of pregnancy in a usually normotensive woman.1 Odema is not part of the definition, but it is a characteristic of the disease. Pre-eclampsia affects 5% - 8% of all
Open Document