Practices of Indigenous African Cultures

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The continent of Africa is very diverse in its culture. Not only are there culture variations from one country to another, but within an individual country as well. Much of Africa’s cultural activity centers on family and ethnic groups. Art, music and oral literature serve to reinforce existing religious and social patterns. Many of Africa’s inhabitants are of indigenous origin, which contributes to the scientific notation that Africa was the birthplace of all human species. People across the continent are remarkably diverse in just about any measure: language, religion, politics, economics, and “lifestyle” backgrounds. For this reason, it is imperative to follow the anthropological guiding principles in gaining the proper understanding of African cultures. In an ethnological study, two indigenous cultures of Zaire’s Ituri forest are examined. The symbolic and structural aspects of the division between the Lese and Efe, along with relations of inequality are discussed by Grinker--from the perspective of the Lese. The Lese define themselves as farmers who produce cultivated food within a village, not a forest. Characteristically, they are clean, educated, religious, civilized and controlled. Meanwhile, the Efe are considered foragers--the act of searching for and exploiting food resources. The Lese view the Efe as dirty, uncivilized and uncontrolled savages of the forest (Grinker et al., 2010). Hierarchy and inequalities between the Lese are illustrated in terms of gender, whereas the Efe are frequently characterized as female. This metaphor creates resemblance or similarity in function between the wives of Lese man and the Efe; both considered outsiders based on relationships to the Lese household. However, the relationship is more complex and distinctive than it may seem. Even though the Efe are involved in common food production and trading with the Lese, it’s
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