Powerphys #7

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Blood Glucose Regulation Predictions 1. Plasma glucose levels will be highest immediately after the meal (0 hr). 2. Plasma ketone levels will be highest before the meal (fasting). 3. Plasma insulin levels will be highest 1-3 hours after the meal. 4. Plasma glucagon levels will be highest before the meal (fasting). Materials and Methods 1. Name the Dependent Variable. plasma levels of glucose, ketones, insulin, and glucagon 2. Name the Independent Variable. food and beverage intake 3. Name the Controlled Variables. physical activity, caffeine and alcohol intake; gender, age, BMI 4. Why were physical activity and caffeine and alcohol intake the controlled variables? Caffeine intake can affect metabolism, as well as most caffeinated beverages are manufactured with sugar containing products such as soda; this is true of alcohol- the caloric intake from alcohol also affects your blood glucose. 5. What type of assay was used to measure plasma glucose and ketone levels? Enzymatic analysis 6. What type of assay was used to measure plasma insulin and glucagon levels? Radioimmunoassay Results Table 2: Glucose and Ketone Concentration in Blood Plasma Fasting Immediately post meal I hr post meal 2 hr post meal 3 hr post meal Sub. 1 5.4 6.5 Glucose (mmol/l) Sub. 2 Sub. 3 5.4 5.4 6.3 6.5 average 5.4 6.4 Sub. 1 118 104 Ketones (µmol/l) Sub. 2 Sub. 3 112 101 99 103 average 110 102 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 71 65 54 63 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.6 70 47 68 62 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 56 65 51 57 Glucose Concentration in Blood Plasma Ketone Concentration in Blood Plasma 1. When was plasma glucose concentration highest? If values are similar for several time points (within a few points of each other), then give range of times when plasma glucose

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