Both sides were seizing the estates of their enemies to finance the war effort, creating even more political chaos. The King gained several victories, which all the more inclined him not to negotiate or compromise with the rebels. Having said this, the parliament had their own internal divisions which had a direct effect on that of a settlement. The division of parliament into Presbyterians and Independents made it much more difficult to reach a settlement after 1646. Parliament couldn’t agree on anything such as taxes.
During the War of the Spanish Succession, Austria began to get more involved in fighting for land and territory yet to be claimed. They battled the French over many parts of Spanish Hapsburg and gained a small part. Also during this time they won over the Austrian Netherlands. Emperor Charles VI ruled Austria from 1711- 1740, and towards the end of his reign began to give up many gains the country had in the previous war. The Emperor did this to secure the Pragmatic Sanction that his daughter would be the heir to his throne.
Henry VIII vs. John Calvin in the Protestant Reformation In the sixteenth century, stood the reformation of the Catholic Church in Western Europe. While the main focus was an internal renovation of the church, the outcome was much different than expected; the reformation led to a revolt against and an abandonment of principal Christian belief. The difference in the view and act of oneself was different from individual to individual during the reformation. While Calvin left for Geneva in 1536 from France because of the fear of persecution for the publically spread beliefs of his about the Church to the people, Henry VIII had manipulated the church for a way to receive a new wife in hopes for his first son. Different motivation stands for each of these people in what they did for the reformation.
In source 4 we also learn that much must have depended on diplomatic relations with Maximilian and Ferdinand, however Henry’s allies proved unfaithful and unreliable. Source 4, is written by a member of the Government of England. The government is who Henry and Wolsey would go to for Money for these situations. The Government did not like how much Money Henry kept asking for so this could have been reflected in Keith Randall’s report. Henry spent 1.4 millions pounds on fighting wars between 1511-25 and this set England back a far way.
The Wyatt rebellion of 1554 was led by nobles principally Sir Thomas Wyatt from Kent, who along with other men of high authority, posed to end Mary Tudors reign. This was because of the attempts that Mary made to re catholicise England, which feared protestant standing men. This was combined with disapproval of many noblemen at the proposed marriage between Mary and Phillip of Spain. It is argued by some that the rebellion was poised a serious threat to Mary’s authority thus in the following essay I shall be exploring particular reasoning’s ultimately concluding with a judgement on how far I agree with the statement that ‘Wyatt’s rebellion was a serious threat to Mary’s authority.’. The origins of rebellion arose when people in England opposed Mary’s catholic standing and were worrying over the possible return of papal authority over England, since mary’s coronation was in 1553 she quickly placed people of catholic standing in positions within the kingdom, including many positions in the privy council the most influential body within the government.
‘Arminianism was the most important cause of conflict between Crown and Parliament in the years 1625 to 1629’ explain why you agree or disagree with this view. Arminianism was important for the collapse of the relationship between Crown and Parliament to a certain extent, as religious conflicts were an underlying theme throughout the period of 1625 to 1629. Furthermore many Puritans feared that Charles was trying to push towards Arminianism, and so did everything they could to prevent this, causing much tension. However due to Charles’ personal monarchy, he shaped the way he wanted the country to be run thus was the root cause of the deterioration in the Crown-Parliament relationship. The most important factor and root for all of the problems was Charles.
He battled trying to over come the Luthereanism momvement, and with his conservative thinking led him to havin social problems. The Habsburg-Valois wars all started with Charles' dispute over territories with Francis I, this caused alot of conflict between the two. The Habsburg-Valois{H-V} wars lasted throughout twenty four years which kept him occupied. In the second H-V
The event sparked open revolts in Bohemia, which eventually gave way to war. The conflict soon escalated to an International, European-wide struggle over the control of German and Spanish lands. The Danes, Swedes, and French successively entered the conflict. For the next thirty years until 1648, the continent of Europe would be consumed by constant warfare (both declared and undeclared wars) collectively constituting what is formally know as the Thirty Years War. The war can be broken down into four major phases; The Bohemia revolt, the Danish intervention, Swedish intervention and French intervention.
Authority Figures In the Reformation Ta’Shay Marshall February 14, 2013 Period 2 Exactly what is the reformation? Which authority lost the most as a result of the protestant reformation? Which one gained the most from it? The Reformation is best identified as “a period of religious change.” In the reformation neither the pope’s or kings authority decline radically. Reading religious works, Europeans form own options about church which caused rulers start to challenge the church’s power.
The King was a keen theologian, and was prepared to incorporate evangelical ideas into his new Church where he saw fit. But he wasn't comfortable with the alterations, and from 1539 onwards he reversed most of his previous policies. In 1539 the Act of Six Articles returned the Church to unambiguous Catholic orthodoxy apart from papal supremacy. Amongst other things, transubstantiation and auricular confession were reaffirmed. Clerical marriage, which had crept in, was condemned, and vows of chastity were now held to be unbreakable.