Philosophy as we understand it is a Greek creation," (Griffin, 2001). Prior to the Middle Ages, the ideas of Aristotle and Plato were lost to Europeans for centuries. The introduction of Greek philosophy and science into the culture of the Latin West in the Middle Ages was an event that transformed the intellectual life of Western Europe. It consisted of the discovery of many original works, such as those written by Aristotle in the Classical period, commentaries by Hellenistic philosophers written in Late Antiquity, and commentaries from early Muslim philosophers in the Arab world written during the Islamic Golden Age from the ninth to the twelfth centuries, (Grant, 1996). Preservation and Transmission of Greek Philosophy As knowledge
When Aristotle returned to Athens in 323 B.C. from teaching his work around the Aegean, he was able to establish his first research library at The Lyceum, where he taught his pupils a wide variety of subjects. Unfortunately, he died a year later after Alexander did, but Aristotle’s work was still able to be gathered after his death. Aristotle’s Poetics is a work that was created to express his ideas about literary criticism. According to Aristotle, there is a distinction between a tragedy and fine tragedy.
30 years after Sparta's victory in the Peloponnesian War, many Athenians questioned their democratic government. They started to question their morals. Many great thinkers emerged to teach people. These people were called philosophers. These Greek philosophers used observation and reason to answer life's questions.
Compare Raphael’s School of Athens to Veronese’s Christ in the House of Levi. Explain how each artist reflected the political and social environment of Rome and Venice during the Renaissance period. Use one example from Gardner’s Art through the Ages and one from the Internet. Raphael School of Athens is not a setting for school but for philosophers and scientists. In our text book it said that “Raphael depicted these luminaries, revered by Renaissance humanists, conversing and explaining their various theories and ideas”(Kleiner 464).
His first public appearance was in BC 51 at the funeral of his grandmother Julia when he delivered the eulogy (Fagan). The familial relationship between Julius Caesar and Augustus is not clear but Dio claims (45.1.2), he was taken by Julius Caeser to be trained as his successor in his youthful stage as quoted by Fagan. Young Octavius was elected to the pontifical college in 48 BC; he received military honors in 46 BC when he took part of the procession of the multiple
Constantine included Christianity along without alienating other religions. This wasn’t viewed as unusual; the Roman culture was typically accepting of other religions. It was the previous Emperor “Dioclestian” that instigated Christian persecution. In ancient Egypt “Akhenaten” was viewed as the persecutor of the Old Gods, first demoting them and finally eliminating them. When he and his co-ruler died, “Tutankamun” became Pharaoh and the priesthood resumed control of their temples.
He may have attended the lectures of Lactantius, a Christian scholar of Latin in the city. [ In 286, Diocletian had moved the capital from Rome and established the capital of the western part of the Roman Empire at what we now call Milan (then, Mediolanum), but at least it was still at the heart of Roman territory, in Italy. This was the city in which Constantine issued that document of religious toleration. Establishing a competing capital in the East put another nail in Rome's figurative coffin. Constantine was not yet a baptized Christian when he settled matters of Christian dogma and the Arian Controversy at the First Nicene Council (First Council of Nicaea), which ended on August (or July) 25, 325.
Scipio was now old enough to stand for the Aedileship in 148 BC. The soldiers had also been busy writing letters home telling of the blunders of the present campaign and the exploits of Scipio, and that it is their desire that he be sent back to Carthage as consul. A tribune declared that it is the will of the people and a veto would be used if Scipio was not consul so as a precedent had been set back in the battle of Pylus, a law was repelled for a year and senate declared that ‘Let the laws sleep today’. Scipio was allowed also to conscript and enlist as many volunteers from the allies as he needed [8]. During the election it should also be noted that censors were also elected and the laws were still asleep as L
The Italian writer and poet, Niccolo Machiavelli, wrote a world famous book titled The Prince, which gave suggestions on how a proper ruler should lead his country. If Machiavelli was the ruler of Italy during the fifteenth century, he would have defended his country and restored the success and power they once had. Machiavelli became a politician at Florence in 1498, which was four years after the Medici family had been expelled from the city. Machiavelli loved politics, and was always traveling between Italy, Germany, and France. However, with the French defeat and Spanish victory over Florence in 1512, Machiavelli was sent into exile.
Critically assess Descartes view of the soul. René Descartes, who was born in 1596 in France was very much a product of the French renaissance, was greatly influenced by Aristotle, a Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagirus, in 384 BCE, enjoying a 17 year stint at Plato’s Academy. Descartes was also greatly influenced by the Christian world view, which is the framework of ideas and beliefs through which a Christian can use to interpret the world around them and ways in which to interact with it. He sought to lay a new foundation for philosophy with the mathematical method. Most famous for his quote, “I think therefore I am”, Descartes was a respected philosopher, mathematician and writer in the 17th century.